From propenolysis to enyne metathesis: tools for expedited assembly of 4,8-azaboranaphthalene and extended polycycles with embedded BN.

The synthesis of BN-containing molecules, which have an interesting isosteric relationship to their parent all-C cores, has drawn a great deal of attention as an avenue to alter and tune molecular function. Nevertheless, many cores with embedded BN are still hard to synthesize, and thus, further effort is required in this direction. Herein, we present an integrated approach to BN-containing polycycles rooted in an exceptionally clean B-N condensation of amines with a tri-allylborane.

A rare and challenging case of intrapericardial hydatidosis.

Background: Hydatid cysts are most frequently located in the liver and lungs and very rarely can be found in the pericardium. Diagnosis and treatment are quite challenging, as the disease can present itself in many forms depending to the location and the complications that it might cause.

Case Presentation: A 22-year-old man presented to our hospital with ongoing dry cough for more than 1 month prior to admission.

Second-Degree Type 2 Atrioventricular Block Requiring Permanent Cardiac Pacing in Patients on CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Report of Two Cases.

Introduction: A wide spectrum of cardiovascular (CV) toxicity is associated with anticancer treatment, and nearly all chemotherapeutic agents can elicit CV toxicity. Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6Is) have become standard of care in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). CV side effects are uncommon with CDK4/6Is and only include QT prolongation, with a low incidence rate.

Oligomerization, albumin binding and catabolism of therapeutic peptides in the subcutaneous compartment: An investigation on lipidated GLP-1 analogs.

Lipidation, a common strategy to improve half-life of therapeutic peptides, affects their tendency to oligomerize, their interaction with plasmatic proteins, and their catabolism. In this work, we have leveraged the use of NMR and SPR spectroscopy to elucidate oligomerization propensity and albumin interaction of different analogs of the two marketed lipidated GLP-1 agonists liraglutide and semaglutide. As most lipidated therapeutic peptides are administered by subcutaneous injection, we have also assessed in vitro their catabolism in the SC tissue using the LC-HRMS-based SCiMetPep assay.

Extraction of a bullet floating in the pulmonary artery after a gunshot wound.

Background: Patients with thoracic trauma caused by gunshots face a high risk of death, and medical staff often encounter technical difficulties in resolving these cases. Most gunshot wounds result in an entrance and exit wound. In cases with no exit wound, missiles are seen in other areas with screening radiographs.

Intrapericardial gossypiboma found 14 years after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Foreign body left after surgery surrounded by a foreign body reaction otherwise known as gossypiboma, have been first described in 1884. Although it occurs rarely, it can lead to various complications which include adhesions, abscess formation and related complications. Intrathoracic gossypiboma is a rare but serious consequence of negligence, mainly during abdominal and cardiothoracic surgery that can lead to severe medical consequences.

Anastomotic leakage following laparoscopic resection of low and mid rectal cancer.

Purpose: Anastomotic leakage is considered the commonest major complication after surgery for rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent laparoscopic LAR or ULAR for rectal cancer were recruited. The primary outcome was the incidence of the AL during 30 days postoperative.

Changes in the sensorimotor system and semitendinosus muscle morphometry after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the time course of sensorimotor integration processes involved in balance capability during 1-year follow-up after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. To evaluate whether an association exists between balance performance and semitendinosus muscle morphometry features.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients (mean age 29.

Blunt abdominal trauma following gunshot wound Case report and literature review.

Unlabelled: Blunt abdominal trauma following gunshot wound. Case report and literature review Introduction: Similarly to blast weapons, every firearm produces explosion at the moment of shooting, which can cause injuries in every region of the body. The aim of this paper is to present the mechanism of blunt abdominal injury following gunshot wounds, bringing this uncommon disease to the clinicians' attention and to review the literature available.

HypoparaNet: A Database of Chronic Hypoparathyroidism Based on Expert Medical-Surgical Centers in Italy.

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease characterized by low serum calcium levels and absent or deficient parathyroid hormone level. Regarding the epidemiology of chronic hypoparathyroidism, there are limited data in Italy and worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to build a unique database of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism, derived from the databases of 16 referral centers for endocrinological diseases, affiliated with the Italian Society of Endocrinology, and four centers for endocrine surgery with expertise in hypoparathyroidism, to conduct an epidemiological analysis of chronic hypoparathyroidism in Italy.

Delayed diagnosis and treatment of high grade blunt pancreatic trauma. Case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Despite technological advancement, high grade pancreatic injuries following blunt abdominal trauma continues to remain a disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in cases of delayed diagnosis. The aim of this paper was the presentation of delayed diagnosis and treatment peculiarities of high grade pancreatic trauma and a review of literature.

Case Report: A 55-years old man, involved in motor vehicle crashes, was referred to our level I trauma center.

In situ preservation of the partathyroid glands in total thyroidectomy: a propensity score matched analysis.

Aim: Severe hypocalcemia due to parathyroid gland damage may be a serious complication after thyroidectomy. In order to save parathyroid integrity we developed a no-touch parathyroid (NTP) thyroidectomy technique.

Methods: We performed a total extracapsular thyroidectomy with NTP technique in consecutive 50 cases of benign goiter between July 2014 and June 2015.

Intraoperative continuous intestinal loop warming technique A prospective randomised trial.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate if the Intraoperative Continuous Intestinal Loop Warming (ICLW) is a valid trick to decrease the postoperative paralytic ileus.

Methods: The subjects were patients who underwent emergency open abdominal surgery for either benign or malignant diseases. Patients were divided into two groups; group A patients who was secluded for ICLW, and a control group B who was not secluded for ICLW.

Transitional challenges of Medicine and Surgery in Albania.

Unlabelled: Data on the State of Art of Medicine and Surgery in Albania, are given in this short survey. From recent epidemiological data, conditioned by high rate of migration and territory problems, to problems arising from lack of technological supports and important changes in medical education. An analysis that we could do from the observatory of our Medical School, and international one, based on a strict collaboration among an international professor staff, mostly coming from Italian Universities, particularly the University of Rome, "Tor Vergata", co-founder of the "Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel" (UCNSBC).

Concept design and simulation study on a "phantom" anvil for circular stapler.

Introduction: Complications and challenges arising from the intraoperative double-stapling technique are seldom reported in colorectal surgery literature. Partial or full-thickness rectal injuries can occur during the introduction and the advancement of the circular stapler along the upper rectum. The aim of this study is to address some of these issues by designing and optimizing a "phantom" anvil manufactured to overcome difficulties throughout the rectal introduction and advancement of the circular stapler for the treatment of benign and malignant colon disease.

Meta-analysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery with or without intraoperative nerve monitoring.

Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) aimed at reducing the injuries of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the incidence of nerve injuries with or without IONM. Studies published from January 1994 to February 2012 in English language on humans were identified.

Continuous monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: a critical appraisal.

Background And Purpose: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) contributes in several ways to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) protection. Notwithstanding these advantages, surgeons must be aware that the current, intermittent, mode of IONM (I-IONM) has relevant limitations. To overcome these I-IONM limitations, a continuous IONM (C-IONM) technology has been proposed.

The "lost anvil": an original technique for laparoscopic colorectal anastomosis.

Aim: During laparoscopic colorectal anastomosis, the rectal introduction of the circular stapler is achieved without hand assistance, increasing the risk of rectal injury. Therefore, we describe a technical adjustment facilitating rectal advancement of the stapler.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred consecutive patients with benign condition underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy.

Acute right intrathoracic gastric volvulus. A rare surgical emergency.

The acute intrathoracic gastric volvulus is a rare condition, difficult to diagnose and treat. It consist in a abnormal organo-axial rotation over 180°, associated with gastric obstruction or strangulation. More uncommon condition is the gastric volvulus caused by a right sliding diaphragmatic hernia and dislocating the stomach, or part of it, on the right hemithorax.

Rectus sheath haematoma: are there prognostic risk factors of haemodynamic instability motivating an early operative treatment?

Purpose: Rectus sheath haematoma (RSH) is an uncommon condition caused by lesion of the superior or inferior epigastric arteries or their branches or by rupture of the rectus muscle. Treatment is usually supportive; however, if haemodynamic compromise develops, intravascular embolisation or surgery may be required. Furthermore, in some cases, bleeding may be so conspicuous that it can determine the patient's death before an adequate treatment is performed.

Endoscopic single-port "components separation technique" for postoperative abdominal reconstruction.

Background: In 1990, Ramirez introduced a new procedure to close abdominal wall hernia (AWH), called "components separation technique (CST)". Thanks to endoscopy, surgical repair possibilities have risen, reducing the operative trauma and preserving vascular and neuronal anatomical structures. This report aims to describe a single port endoscopic approach for CST to repair the abdominal wall of a patient undergoing surgery for abdominal aneurysm and already subject to placement of a mesh for AWH.

Skin phototype and local trauma in the onset of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) in circumcised patients.

The association between balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) and skin disorders is long established, however, the role of skin phototype and local trauma in its onset has never been investigated in detail. Medical records of all Caucasian children circumcised over a 6-year period were reviewed. The excised skin underwent histological examination for BXO.

Randomized clinical trial on Harmonic Focus shears versus clamp-and-tie technique for total thyroidectomy.

Background: The Harmonic Focus is the last ultrasonic device designed for thyroid surgery. The aim is to assess its efficacy and safety compared with traditional dissection in a prospective randomized trial of total thyroidectomy procedures.

Methods: Total thyroidectomy was performed in 34 patients using the Harmonic Focus, and in 34 patients using the clamp-and-tie technique.

A dry lab for medical engineers?

Introduction: We describe a teaching and training method with objective evaluation to improve medical engineering students' knowledge and analysis skills about Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) instrumentation and techniques through hands-on experience. Training has been scheduled during a three-month course.

Methods: Twenty medical engineering students were trained to perform three times on a pelvic trainer a sequence of standardized drills connected with the selected MIS techniques, in order to improve their dexterity.

Clusterin in stool: a new biomarker for colon cancer screening?

Objectives: The identification of useful markers for early diagnosis of human colon cancer is a major goal still in progress. Clusterin is a pleiotropic protein with a broad range of functions. It has recently drawn much attention because of its association with cancer promotion and metastasis.