Distribution of opioid analgesics by community racial/ethnic and socioeconomic profiles, 2011-2021.

Rapid declines in opioid analgesics dispensed in American communities since 2011 raise concerns about inadequate access to effective pain management among patients for whom opioid therapies are appropriate, especially for those living in racial/ethnic minority and socioeconomically deprived communities. Using 2011 to 2021 national data from the Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System and generalized linear models, this study examined quarterly per capita distribution of oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine (in oral morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]) by communities' racial/ethnic and socioeconomic profiles. Communities (defined by 3-digit-zip codes areas) were classified as "majority White" (≥50% self-reported non-Hispanic White population) vs "majority non-White.

Reproductive factors and expression of stem cell markers in women with incident benign breast disease.

Reproductive factors are well-established risk factors for breast cancer. The prevailing hypothesis suggested that stem cell changes may be the key underlying mechanisms, but epidemiological evidence has been notably scarce. Herein we examined the relationship between reproductive risk factors and the expression of well-established stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy non-cancerous samples.

Endometriosis and uterine fibroids and risk of premature mortality: prospective cohort study.

Objective: To prospectively assess the effect of endometriosis and uterine fibroids on the long term risk of premature mortality (younger than 70 years).

Design: Prospective cohort study SETTING: The Nurses' Health Study II, United States (1989-2019).

Participants: 110 091 women aged 25-42 years in 1989 without a history of hysterectomy before endometriosis or fibroids diagnosis, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer.

Proinflammatory Dietary Pattern and Risk of Total and Subtypes of Breast Cancer Among U.S. Women.

Background: Dietary patterns promoting chronic inflammation, including the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), have been associated with certain cancers. Investigating whether this dietary pattern is associated with breast cancer-where the role of inflammation is less well-defined-could provide valuable insights and potentially improve strategies for preventing this cancer.

Methods: We prospectively followed 76,386 women from Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1984-2018) and 92,886 women from Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII, 1991-2019).

Novel metabolomic predictors of incident colorectal cancer in men and women.

Background: Metabolomic profiles may influence colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Few studies have performed pre-diagnostic metabolome-wide analyses with CRC risk.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among women (Nurses' Health Study (NHS)) and men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS)) who provided blood between 1989 and 1995.

Plasma C-peptide mammographic features and risk of breast cancer.

Our study in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS2, a nested case-control study with 1260 cases and 2221 controls, investigated the association between C-peptide levels, mammographic density (MD) parameters, V (a measure of gray scale variation), and breast cancer (BC) risk. We also examined how C-peptide and BC risk vary across quartiles of mammographic features. Linear and logistic regressions were used to study the associations between C-peptide and MD parameters, and breast cancer.

A triple hormone receptor ER, AR, and VDR signature is a robust prognosis predictor in breast cancer.

Background: Despite evidence indicating the dominance of cell-of-origin signatures in molecular tumor patterns, translating these genome-wide patterns into actionable insights has been challenging. This study introduces breast cancer cell-of-origin signatures that offer significant prognostic value across all breast cancer subtypes and various clinical cohorts, compared to previously developed genomic signatures.

Methods: We previously reported that triple hormone receptor (THR) co-expression patterns of androgen (AR), estrogen (ER), and vitamin D (VDR) receptors are maintained at the protein level in human breast cancers.

Risk factors for breast cancer subtypes by race and ethnicity: A scoping review of the literature.

Background: Breast cancer is comprised of distinct molecular subtypes. Studies have reported differences in risk factor associations with breast cancer subtypes, especially by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status, but their consistency across racial and ethnic populations has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative, scoping literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, extension for Scoping Reviews to investigate consistencies in associations between 18 breast cancer risk factors (reproductive, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical history) and risk of ER-defined subtypes in women who self-identify as Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latina, or White.

Risk factors for breast cancer subtypes by race and ethnicity: a scoping review.

Background: Breast cancer consists of distinct molecular subtypes. Studies have reported differences in risk factor associations with breast cancer subtypes, especially by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status, but their consistency across racial and ethnic populations has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative, scoping literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, extension for Scoping Reviews to investigate consistencies in associations between 18 breast cancer risk factors (reproductive, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical history) and risk of ER-defined subtypes in women who self-identify as Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latina, or White.

The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.

Purpose: Several viruses have been casually linked to human cancers, including cervical, nasopharyngeal, liver, sarcoma, and Merkel cell carcinomas. However, the etiologic contribution of viral infections to breast cancer, the number one incident cancer among women worldwide, is not well established. Among studies exploring associations of viruses with breast cancer, potential linkages have been identified between breast cancer and five viruses: beta retrovirus, (i.

Helping ourselves, helping others: the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS) - a multisite prospective cohort study to advance the understanding of breast cancer diagnosed in women aged 40 years and younger.

Purpose: Compared with older women diagnosed with breast cancer, younger women are more likely to die of breast cancer and more likely to suffer psychosocially in both the short-term and long term. The Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS) is a multisite prospective cohort study established to address gaps in our knowledge about this vulnerable and understudied population.

Participants: The YWS enrolled 1302 women newly diagnosed with stages 0-IV breast cancer at age 40 years or younger at 13 academic and community sites in North America between 2006 and 2016.

Heavy-metal associated breast cancer and colorectal cancer hot spots and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

Purpose: Cancer registries offer an avenue to identify cancer clusters across large populations and efficiently examine potential environmental harms affecting cancer. The role of known metal carcinogens (i.e.

Association of early menarche with breast tumor molecular features and recurrence.

Background: Early menarche is an established risk factor for breast cancer but its molecular contribution to tumor biology and prognosis remains unclear.

Methods: We profiled transcriptome-wide gene expression in breast tumors (N = 846) and tumor-adjacent normal tissues (N = 666) from women in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS) to investigate whether early menarche (age < 12) is associated with tumor molecular and prognostic features in women with breast cancer. Multivariable linear regression and pathway analyses using competitive gene set enrichment analysis were conducted in both tumor and adjacent-normal tissue and externally validated in TCGA (N = 116).

Second primary non-breast cancers in young breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: We evaluated the incidence, timing, and risk factors for second primary non-breast cancers (SPNBC) among young breast cancer (BC) survivors.

Methods: This study included participants of the Young Women's BC Study (YWS) who were diagnosed with stage 0-III BC between 2006 and 2016 and age 40 or younger at diagnosis (N = 1,230). Patient characteristics, treatment information, and clinical events were collected via serial surveys.

Associations of stem cell markers CD44, CD24 and ALDH1A1 with mammographic breast density in women with benign breast biopsies.

Background: We examined associations of CD44, CD24 and ALDH1A1 breast stem cell markers with mammographic breast density (MBD), a well-established breast cancer (BCa) risk factor.

Methods: We included 218 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. The data on BCa risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires.

Differences in metabolomic profiles between Black and White women in the U.S.: Analyses from two prospective cohorts.

There is growing interest in incorporating metabolomics into public health practice. However, Black women are under-represented in many metabolomics studies. If metabolomic profiles differ between Black and White women, this under-representation may exacerbate existing Black-White health disparities.