Analysis of mitochondrial protein aggregation and disaggregation.

Deficits of mitochondrial functions have been identified in many human pathologies, in particular in age-related human neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the molecular causes for mitochondrial dysfunction and potential protection mechanisms have become a major topic in modern cell biology. Apart from defects in their structural integrity, problems in mitochondrial protein biogenesis, including polypeptide transport, folding and assembly to active enzymes, all may result in some degree of functional defects of the organelle.

Breastfeeding disparities and recommended strategies to end them in New York.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify strategies to address breastfeeding disparities across New York in the United States.

Methods: Data were collected from August-December 2021 using a qualitative research design that included 45 key informant interviews and 253 online questionnaires.

Results: Ninety-six percent of participants lived in or represented New York, and four percent were national experts.

P53 Activation Promotes Maturational Characteristics of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in 3-Dimensional Suspension Culture Via FOXO-FOXM1 Regulation.

Background: Current protocols generate highly pure human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in vitro that recapitulate characteristics of mature in vivo cardiomyocytes. Yet, a risk of arrhythmias exists when hiPSC-CMs are injected into large animal models. Thus, understanding hiPSC-CM maturational mechanisms is crucial for clinical translation.

Organoid models of fibrolamellar carcinoma mutations reveal hepatocyte transdifferentiation through cooperative BAP1 and PRKAR2A loss.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a lethal primary liver cancer, affecting young patients in absence of chronic liver disease. Molecular understanding of FLC tumorigenesis is limited, partly due to the scarcity of experimental models. Here, we CRISPR-engineer human hepatocyte organoids to recreate different FLC backgrounds, including the predominant genetic alteration, the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion, as well as a recently reported background of FLC-like tumors, encompassing inactivating mutations of BAP1 and PRKAR2A.

Musculoskeletal abnormalities in a large international cohort of boys with 49,XXXXY.

49,XXXXY is the rarest X and Y chromosomal variation, with an incidence of 1 in 80,000-100,000 live male births and has been associated with numerous musculoskeletal abnormalities. Data was collected from an international cohort of boys with 49,XXXXY over 10 years. Children were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a pediatric orthopedist, a neurogeneticist, a neurodevelopmentalist, and two physical therapists.

Survey of New York veterinarians to assess needs for public health preparedness training.

Objective: Because most bioterrorist disease agents are zoonotic, veterinarians are important partners in preparedness. New York State is a prime port of entry and has a network of health and emergency management agencies for response. However, knowledge and participation by veterinarians has not yet been assessed.

Scapulothoracic anatomy for the arthroscopist.

Because endoscopic management has recently been introduced as treatment for painful subscapular snapping, we designed a cadaveric study to identify the boundaries of the scapulothoracic spaces and the relationship of important neurovascular structures to safe portal sites for arthroscopic surgery. We studied eight fresh, unembalmed cadaveric shoulders by anatomic dissection alone and eight fresh, unembalmed cadaveric shoulders by dissection after arthroscopy. We noted the following findings: (1) the scapulothoracic articulation has two triangular spaces, the serratus anterior space and the subscapularis space, that are divided obliquely by the serratus anterior muscle; (2) the boundaries of the larger serratus anterior space include the chest wall anteriorly, the serratus anterior muscle posteriorly, and the rhomboids medially; (3) the boundaries of the subscapularis space are the serratus anterior muscle anteriorly, the subscapularis muscle posteriorly, and the axilla laterally; and (4) a well-defined bursa occupies the serratus anterior space.

Acromial fracture: A complication of arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

For many surgeons arthroscopic subacromial decompression has replaced open surgery for the treatment of refractory impingement syndrome. A newly recognized complication of this procedure is fracture of the acromion process. Six patients presented with reports of increasing postoperative shoulder pain, commonly with a history of sudden onset during physical therapy.

A modified outside-in meniscal repair technique.

A modified Outside-in meniscal repair technique is described. This technique is simple, reliable and safe.

A comparison of magnetic resonance imaging to bone scintigraphy in early traumatic ischemia of the femoral head.

In adult rabbits, a unilateral subcapital osteotomy of the femoral neck was performed to induce avascularity. One half of the osteotomy sites were fixed with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible absorbable pin and the other osteotomies had no fixation. The femoral heads were studied at three, five, and 12 days with roentgenographs, bone scintigraphy, and MRI, and MRI only at four weeks and six weeks after osteotomy.

A 17-kd polypeptide, sensitive to bacterial collagenase, is synthesized by bone marrow macrophages.

A novel polypeptide with a molecular weight of 17 kd (17k protein) was identified in bone marrow cell cultures. The synthesis of 17k protein is elevated in cell cultures maintained under Dexter conditions, which support myelopoiesis. The predominance of macrophages in the stromal layer of these cultures and the observation that a mouse myelomonocytic cell line P388D1 is capable of synthesizing large amounts of 17k protein led us to the study of its synthesis by bone marrow macrophages.

[Achalasia of the oesophagus; early and late results of dilatation and surgical procedures (author's transl)].

Till now etiology and pathogenesis of achalasia of the oesophagus are unknown. The disease is based on dysfunction of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Early and late results of dilatation and surgical procedures are compared.