Natural radioactivity for soil samples in primary schools at Najaf city, Iraq.

Natural radiation is the most significant contribution to the annual exposure of the world population, making it essential to assess the quantity of natural radiation in soil. This research aims to assess the level of natural radioactivity within the soil samples taken from primary schools in Al-Najaf, Iraq using gamma-ray spectroscopy. Specific activity was determined for the U series (Bi), Th series (Tl), K, and U.