The effect of amifostine on pathophysiological changes in vasogenic brain edema induced by an experimental cold injury model.

Aim: To investigate the effects of amifostine, a cytoprotective agent, on pathophysiological changes in vasogenic brain edema induced by an experimental cold injury model and to compare these changes with dexamethasone.

Material And Methods: A total of 138 rats divided into 6 groups. Brain water content (BWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in brain tissue were calculated to evaluate the pathophysiological changes following experimental cold injury.

Gastroprotective effect of orexin-A and heme oxygenase system.

Background: Orexin-A, besides playing an important role in the mechanism of food intake, exhibits a potent gastroprotective action against the formation of acute gastric mucosal injury. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administered orexin-A against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced gastric injury on the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and HO-2 in gastric tissue.

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion.

Effect of orexin-A on phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage in starved rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fasting-induced orexin-A (OXA) on inflammation and macrophage phagocytic activity. Fifty six male wistar rats were fasted for 36 h to stimulate OXA synthesis. In 24 rats, air pouches were induced subcutaneously in the intrascapular area.

Endogenous orexin-A modulates gastric motility by peripheral mechanisms in rats.

Orexin-A (OXA) and orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) are found in enteric nervous system and smooth muscle cells in the digestive tract. Fasting is a stimulant for OXA synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate central and peripheral effects of endogenous OXA on gastric motility.

Expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric ischemia-reperfusion: role of angiotensin II.

Background: Angiotensin II contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammation induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in various organs. Angiotensin II increases vascular permeability that initiates the inflammatory process and leads to the migration of inflammatory cells into the tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of angiotensin II on ischemia-reperfusion induced expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rat stomachs exposed to ischemia-reperfusion.

Effect of orexin-a on ischemia-reperfusion-induced gastric damage in rats.

Background: Orexins are involved in the regulation of sleeping behavior and energy homeostasis, and they are also implicated in the regulation of gastrointestinal functions. Previous reports have demonstrated the expression of orexin receptors in the gastrointestinal system. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effect of orexin-A in ischemia-reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury.

Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on macrophage functions of rats.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid which has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of DHA on phagocytic and chemotactic activities of peritoneal macrophages obtained from rats. DHA was dissolved in 1 ml of corn oil at dose of 36 mg/kg/day and given via oral gavage for 4 weeks.

Effect of chronic stress and L-carnitine on rat stomach.

Background And Aim: L-Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial transfer of fatty acids, and it is also a scavenger of free radicals in mammalian tissues. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on chronic restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal injury.

Methods: Wistar rats were applied restraint stress (1 h/day) and L-carnitine (50 mg/kg) for 21 days.

Prostaglandins, capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves and neutrophil infiltration, but not nitric oxide, contribute to cold restraint stress-induced gastric adaptation in rats.

The aim of the present study was to determine the role of prostaglandins (PG), nitric oxide (NO) and capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in neutrophil infiltration in gastric adaptation to cold restraint stress in rats. Wistar rats were exposed to single or repeated cold restraint stress for 3.5 h every other day for up to 4 days.

Effect of sulfite on macrophage functions of normal and sulfite oxidase-deficient rats.

Sulfite has both an endogenous and an exogenous provenance in the mammalian tissues. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of sulfite on macrophages functions in normal or sulfite oxidase deficient rats. Rats were divided into eight groups; (1) control group, (2) sulfite group (the rats received sodium meta bi-sulfite (25 mg/kg) in drinking water for 6 weeks), (3) vitamin E group (the rats received Vit E (50 mg/kg) by gavage for 6 weeks), (4) sulfite group+Vit E, (5)sulfite oxidase deficient group (the rats received high-W/Mo-deficient diet.

Effect of stress-induced lipid peroxidation on functions of rat peritoneal macrophages.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress-induced lipid peroxidation on macrophages' functions. Animals were subjected to 4 h immobilization at 4 degrees C in restraining devices. The peritoneal macrophages obtained from rats exposed to cold and restraint stress exhibited an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decline of chemotaxis and phagocytosis compared with control rats.