Cytoarchitectural differences in reproductive organs of some polycystic ovary-like induced animal models.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynaecological, endocrine disorder that occurs during reproductive age and is a significant cause of anovulatory infertility. Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor which negates the action of the aromatase enzyme, which results in the buildup of male hormones (testosterone) in the females, causing hyperandrogenism, which is a hallmark of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Mifepristone (RU486) is a progestin antagonist that acts to arrest the actions of the progesterone hormone, resulting in follicular atresia and anovulation.

Low dose bitter leaf improves sperm quality disrupted in immunosuppressed Wistar rats: An experimental study.

Background: Synthetic prednisolone (PRED) is a widely used over-the-counter glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids have inhibitory effects on the immune system and are often used as immunosuppressive agents. Suppressed immunity may impact fertility via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Prenatal Exposure to Gestational Nicotine before Neurulation is Detrimental to Neurodevelopment of Wistar Rats' Offspring.

Background And Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of gestational nicotine exposure before neurodevelopment on the morphology and histology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rats.

Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats were time-mated and grouped into three categories: (a) control-given 0.1 mL of normal saline, (b) low-dose nicotine-given 6.