Statistical learning of artificial orthographic regularity arises from coordinated activity across distinct brain regions.

The human brain possesses the ability to automatically extract statistical regularities from environmental inputs, including visual-graphic symbols and printed units. However, the specific brain regions underlying the statistical learning of these visual-graphic symbols or artificial orthography remain unclear. This study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with an artificial orthography learning paradigm to measure brain activities associated with the statistical learning of radical positional regularities embedded in pseudocharacters containing high (100%), moderate (80%), and low (60%) levels of consistency, along with a series of random abstract figures.

Electrophysiological markers of orthographic pattern learning in school-aged children with reading challenges: An ERP investigation.

Background: Previous studies suggested that children with reading difficulty have impaired statistical learning ability in extracting distributional orthographic regularities. However, the neural mechanisms underlying have not been fully investigated.

Aims: The current study aimed to identify the electrophysiological markers and to examine the neural underpinnings of statistical learning of orthographic regularities in children with reading difficulties.

Multiple mechanisms regulate statistical learning of orthographic regularities in school-age children: Neurophysiological evidence.

Using event-related potentials (ERPs), this study investigated how the brains of Chinese children of different ages extract and encode relational patterns contained in orthographic input. Ninety-nine Chinese children in Grades 1-3 performed an artificial orthography statistical learning task that comprised logographic components embedded in characters with high (100%), moderate (80%), and low (60%) positional consistency. The behavioral results indicated that across grades, participants more accurately recognized characters with high rather than low consistency.

Processing Ambiguous Morphemes in Chinese Compound Word Recognition: Behavioral and ERP Evidence.

This study examined the processing of ambiguous morphemes in Chinese word recognition with a masked priming lexical decision task. Both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) were recorded. All targets were bimorphemic compound words that contained ambiguous morphemes as the first morphemes.