Intermolecular C-C/C-N σ-bond metathesis enabled by visible light.

Transition-metal-catalyzed double/triple bond metathesis reactions have been well-established due to the ability of transition-metal catalysts to readily interact with π bonds, facilitating the progression of the entire reaction. However, activating σ-bonds to induce σ-bond metathesis is more challenging due to the absence of π bonds and the high bond energy of σ bonds. In this study, we present a novel photo-induced approach that does not rely on transition metals or photosensitizers to drive C-C and C-N σ-bond metathesis reactions.

Production of Diethyl Maleate via Oxidative Depolymerization of Organosolv Lignin from Wheat Stalk over the Cooperative Acidic Ionic Liquid Pair.

Lignin, the second largest component of biomass, is considered as an important alternative source of fossil reserves for the production of fuels and chemicals. Here, we developed a novel method to oxidatively degrade organosolv lignin into value-added four-carbon esters, particularly diethyl maleate (DEM), with the cooperative catalyst consisting of 1-(3-sulfobutyl) triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([BSTEA]HSO) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ferric chloride ([BMIM]FeCl). Under optimized conditions (1.

Producing Lignin and Ethyl Levulinate from Wheat Stalk Using 1-(3-Sulfobutyl) Triethylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate and USY Zeolite.

The facile, green, and efficient strategy for the separation of lignin from straw and subsequent production of value-added chemicals is crucial to the current utilization of straw. Herein, up to 23.72% of lignin was isolated from wheat stalk over cheap and green 1-(3-sulfobutyl) triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([BSTEA]HSO) in aqueous ethanol (: = 4:1).

Reversible splenial lesion syndrome in sisters with sensorineural deafness as the first manifestation.

Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is a rare clinico-radiological disorder syndrome with unclear pathophysiology. Here, two sisters with sensorineural deafness as the chief complaint diagnosed with RESLES was reported. Although the sisters had the disease successively, they were divided into two types on imaging by isolated lesions of splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) and extensive lesions of the corpus callosum.

Rupture of Thoracic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection With Manifestation of Subcutaneous Hematoma.

We report a case with rare signs of subcutaneous hematoma, ecchymoses, and pleural effusion resulting from rupture of a thoracic aneurysm and aortic dissection. An 81-year-old woman had a history of aneurysm for 4 years. Ruptured chronic thoracic aortic dissection was diagnosed in the patient.

[Survival analysis on 3103 HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province].

Objective: To determine the survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients after receiving free antiretroviral treatment in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on all the HIV/AIDS patients aged over 16 years who had started antiretroviral treatment during January 2007 throughout December 2009 in Dehong prefecture.

Results: A total of 3103 HIV/AIDS patients had received antiretroviral treatment during the study period.