Depressive and mania mood state detection through voice as a biomarker using machine learning.

Introduction: Depressive and manic states contribute significantly to the global social burden, but objective detection tools are still lacking. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing voice as a biomarker to detect these mood states. Methods:From real-world emotional journal voice recordings, 22 features were retrieved in this study, 21 of which showed significant differences among mood states.

Label-Free Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy for Intravascular Coronary Atherosclerosis and Plaque Detection.

The rupture of atherosclerotic plaques remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The plaques have certain pathological characteristics including a fibrous cap, inflammation, and extensive lipid deposition in a lipid core. Various invasive and noninvasive imaging techniques can interrogate structural aspects of atheroma; however, the composition of the lipid core in coronary atherosclerosis and plaques cannot be accurately detected.

Revealing Hydrogen Spillover on 1T/2H MoS Heterostructures for an Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

The characterization of the heterostructure active sites during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process and the direct elucidation of the corresponding catalytic structure-activity relationships are essential for understanding the catalytic mechanism and designing catalysts with optimized activity. Hence, exploring the underlying reasons behind the exceptional catalytic performance necessitates a detailed analysis. Herein, we employed scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to image the topography and local electrocatalytic activity of 1T/2H MoS heterostructures on mixed-phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS) with 20 nm spatial resolution.

Dynamic and Asymmetrical Ion Concentration Polarization in Dual Nanopipettes.

Dual nanopipettes with two channels have been receiving great attention due to the convenient experimental setup and multiple measuring channels in sensing applications at nanoscale, while the involved dynamic and asymmetrical ion transport processes have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, both experimental and simulation methods are used to investigate the dynamic mass transport processes inside dual nanopipettes with two well-separated channels. The results present that the ion transport resistance through the two channels () is always the add-up of the individual ones ( + ) with respect to the bulk solutions, at various ionic strengths and scan rates.

Tunneling Electron Transfer across Cell Membrane via Au Nanoparticles in Single Living Cells.

Herein, we present a new and simple electrochemical method to detect the intracellular electroactive substances by utilizing the electron tunnelling processes at the metal nanoparticles inside the cells. Intriguing discrete oxidation and reduction current spikes are obtained when testing the cells with loaded Au nanoparticles at the ultramicroelectrodes, which should come from reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the single cell. The charges enclosed in the current spikes represent the ROS content inside the living cells, as confirmed by the fluorescence studies.

Effects of new hypnotic drugs on cognition: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Insomnia is a common disease, and the application of various types of sleeping pills for cognitive impairment is controversial, especially as different doses can lead to different effects. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the cognitive impairment caused by different sleeping pills to provide a theoretical basis for guiding clinicians in the selection of medication regimens.

Objective: To evaluate whether various different doses (low, medium and high) of anti-insomnia drugs, such as the dual-orexin receptor antagonist (DORA), zopiclone, eszopiclone and zolpidem, induce cognitive impairment.

An ultra-sensitive platinized nanocavity electrode for analysis of cytosolic catecholamines in one living cell.

The catecholamines, mainly dopamine (DA), are present in the cellular cytosol with low abundance, while, play key roles in various neurodegenerative disorders. Here, platinized nanocavity carbon electrodes are employed to analyze cytosolic catecholamines in a single living PC12 cell, which is not easily quantified using the classic electrodes. The confined structure and excellent conductivity in the platinized nanocavity accelerate the electron transfer of the DA, resulting in a low detection limit down to 50 nM.

LncRNA NKILA inhibits HBV replication by repressing NF-κB signalling activation.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway plays a role in HBV replication. However, whether NF-κB-interacting long noncoding RNA (NKILA), a suppressor of NF-κB activation, regulates HBV replication remains largely unknown.

Molecular Electrocatalytic Processes in Carbon Nanopipettes.

Conductive nanopipettes have been recognized as powerful multifunctional platforms for electrochemical sensing applications in confined spaces. However, the electron-transfer processes of many biological analytes (i.e.

Elucidating the Shape of Current Transients in Electrochemical Resistive-Pulse Sensing of Single Liposomes.

Electrochemical resistive-pulse (ERP) sensing with conductive carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) has recently been developed and employed for the detection of single liposomes and biological vesicles, and for the analysis of redox molecules contained in such vesicles. However, the origins of different shapes of current transients produced by the translocation of single vesicles through the CNP remain poorly understood. Herein, we report extensive finite-element simulations of both portions of an ERP transient, the current blockage by a vesicle approaching and passing through the pipet orifice and the faradaic current spike due to oxidation/reduction of redox species released from a vesicle on the carbon surface, for different values of parameters defining the geometry and dynamics of the vesicle/CNP system.

Efficacy and safety of self-administered acupressure on symptoms, quality of life and nasal mucosal function in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled exploratory trial.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem that can potentially be managed through acupressure. Our clinical observations have identified Allergic Rhinitis Acupressure Therapeutic (ARAT) as a novel acupressure treatment acting on specific acupoints, which may enhance the effectiveness of acupressure. Therefore, we propose a three-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of ARAT for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).

Click-Chemistry-Enabled Nanopipettes for the Capture and Dynamic Analysis of a Single Mitochondrion inside One Living Cell.

The in-depth study of single cells requires the dynamically molecular information in one particular nanometer-sized organelle in a living cell, which is difficult to achieve using current methods. Due to high efficiency of click chemistry, a new nanoelectrode-based pipette architecture with dibenzocyclooctyne at the tip is designed to realize fast conjugation with azide group-containing triphenylphosphine, which targets mitochondrial membranes. The covalent binding of one mitochondrion at the tip of the nanopipette allows a small region of the membrane to be isolated on the Pt surface inside the nanopipette.

Multivalent Ion-Modulated Electron Transfer Processes in Carbon Nanopipettes.

Conductive nanopipettes with both an electroactive interface and a pipet geometry have been recognized as powerful multifunctional probes in various electrochemical sensing and imaging applications. As confined inside the nanopipette, the excess surface charges at the solid/solution interface would then play a dominant role in the resulting charge transport processes. Herein, the effects of a multivalent ion on the resulting electron transfer (ET) processes in the carbon nanopipettes are investigated with both experimental and simulation methods.

Electrodeposition of Metal Nanoparticles inside Carbon Nanopipettes for Sensing Applications.

Conductive nanopipettes offer promising confined spaces to enable advanced electrochemical sensing applications in small spaces. Herein, a series of metal-decorated carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) were developed, in which Au, Ag, and Pt are modified at the inner walls of CNPs by a simple electrodeposition method. The fabricated tips show good sensing performances for a variety of important analytes, such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and chloride and hydrogen ions in biological and catalytic systems.

Spatial Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species in a 3D Cell Model Using a Sensitive Nanocavity Electrode.

The analysis of biomolecules in a 3D cell model is crucial for the collection of spatial information close to the actual organ. In this work, a highly sensitive platinized open carbon nanocavity electrode is fabricated to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in three regions (proliferating zone, quiescent zone, and necrotic core) of a 3D CT26 cell model. The presence of a nanocavity permits more frequent collisions of ROS on the Pt surface, accelerating electron transfer, and thus pushes the detection limit down to 1 nM.

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Featuring Transient Current Signals in Carbon Nanopipets with Dilute or No Redox Mediator.

Herein, we report a sensitive scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) method based on the high transient current signals in carbon nanopipets (CNPs) under step potential waveforms. Taking advantage of the transient peak current, the approach curve can be conducted with very dilute (1 μM) or even no redox mediator and fitted by the scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) theory. In addition, a trace amount of electroactive species generated at the substrate can also be directly revealed from the transient current at the CNP tips.

Nanoconfined Electrochemical Collision and Catalysis of Single Enzyme inside Carbon Nanopipettes.

Revealing the electrocatalytic features of single redox enzyme is significant to both fundamental biological processes and practical catalysis and sensing applications. Herein, we directly reveal the electrocatalytic current from a single enzyme inside the carbon nanopipettes via electrochemical collision strategies, based on the increased activity at nanoscale confinement. Besides the staircase current steps from surface blockage, discrete HO oxidation and reduction current transients catalyzed by a single enzyme are also displayed and analyzed.

Pressure-Regulated Single-Entity Electrochemistry Inside Carbon Nanopipettes.

Conductive nanopipettes have been widely used as a multifunctional platform for emerging sensing applications in small spaces, although the electrochemical processes involved are not well controlled and fully quantified. Herein, we use an external pressure to precisely control the solution volume and regulate the electrochemical signals in carbon nanopipettes. In addition to polarizing the redox concentration profile, the pressure is found to generate a convective flow to control the transport processes of redox molecules and nanoparticles as well, and their quantitative correlation is established by a numerical simulation.

Quantification of the charge transport processes inside carbon nanopipettes.

Conductive nanopipettes have been extensively used as powerful multifunctional probes for electrochemical and ion transport measurements, while the involved charge transfer processes have not been fully explored. In this paper, we use both experimental and simulation methods to de-convolute and quantify the respective electron transfer (ET) and ion transport (IT) contributions to the resulting current signals in carbon nanopipettes (CNPs). The results present that the current signals in CNPs are determined by ET in the case of low solution depth and long timescales, while IT becomes dominant at short timescales or high solution depth.

Electrochemical Collision of Single Silver Nanoparticles in Carbon Nanopipettes.

Exploring the electrochemical collision features at nanoelectrodes is highly desirable for revealing new physical insights and further expanding its applications at smaller spaces. Herein, we study the collision processes of single silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside carbon nanopipettes (CNPs). Results show that AgNPs undergo multiple collision and oxidation processes prior to fully oxidation after entering into the CNPs.

Improving Regional Blood Pressure Control: a Positive Deviance Tiered Intensity Approach.

Background: Accelerated translation of real-world interventions for hypertension management is critical to improving cardiovascular outcomes and reducing disparities.

Objective: To determine whether a positive deviance approach would improve blood pressure (BP) control across diverse health systems.

Design: Quality improvement study using 1-year cross sections of electronic health record data over 5 years (2013-2017).

Outcome measures in pediatric polypharmacy research: a scoping review.

Introduction: Various methods have been used to interpret the reports of pediatric polypharmacy across the literature. This is the first scoping review that explores outcome measures in pediatric polypharmacy research.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to describe outcome measures assessed in pediatric polypharmacy research.

A step closer to nationwide electronic health record-based chronic disease surveillance: characterizing asthma prevalence and emergency department utilization from 100 million patient records through a novel multisite collaboration.

Objective: The study sought to assess the feasibility of nationwide chronic disease surveillance using data aggregated through a multisite collaboration of customers of the same electronic health record (EHR) platform across the United States.

Materials And Methods: An independent confederation of customers of the same EHR platform proposed and guided the development of a program that leverages native EHR features to allow customers to securely contribute de-identified data regarding the prevalence of asthma and rate of asthma-associated emergency department visits to a vendor-managed repository. Data were stratified by state, age, sex, race, and ethnicity.

Defining pediatric polypharmacy: A scoping review.

Objectives: Lack of consensus regarding the semantics and definitions of pediatric polypharmacy challenges researchers and clinicians alike. We conducted a scoping review to describe definitions and terminology of pediatric polypharmacy.

Methods: Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the Web of Science Core Collection databases were searched for English language articles with the concepts of "polypharmacy" and "children".