Can deep neural networks work with amplitude and phase input of defocused images?

Deep neural network (DNN) models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have demonstrated remarkable performance in biomedical image classification due to their ability to automatically learn features from large datasets. One common challenge in the preparation of large, microscopic datasets for DNN tasks is sample defocusing, potentially impairing the model performance. To handle defocusing, computational imaging, or specifically quantitative phase imaging (QPI), performs digital refocusing by using both the phase and the amplitude of the complex optical field.

High-resolution, large field-of-view label-free imaging via aberration-corrected, closed-form complex field reconstruction.

Computational imaging methods empower modern microscopes to produce high-resolution, large field-of-view, aberration-free images. Fourier ptychographic microscopy can increase the space-bandwidth product of conventional microscopy, but its iterative reconstruction methods are prone to parameter selection and tend to fail under excessive aberrations. Spatial Kramers-Kronig methods can analytically reconstruct complex fields, but is limited by aberration or providing extended resolution enhancement.

The SmMYC2-SmMYB36 complex is involved in methyl jasmonate-mediated tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting the biosynthesis of tanshinones. While individual transcription factors have been extensively studied in the context of tanshinones biosynthesis regulation, the influence of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced transcriptional complexes remains unexplored. This study elucidates the positive regulatory role of the basic helix-loop-helix protein SmMYC2 in tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Smart Task Assistance in Mixed Reality for Astronauts.

Mixed reality (MR) registers virtual information and real objects and is an effective way to supplement astronaut training. Spatial anchors are generally used to perform virtual-real fusion in static scenes but cannot handle movable objects. To address this issue, we propose a smart task assistance method based on object detection and point cloud alignment.

Reviving the Dynamics of Attacked Reservoir Computers.

Physically implemented neural networks are subject to external perturbations and internal variations. Existing works focus on the adversarial attacks but seldom consider attack on the network structure and the corresponding recovery method. Inspired by the biological neural compensation mechanism and the neuromodulation technique in clinical practice, we propose a novel framework of reviving attacked reservoir computers, consisting of several strategies direct at different types of attacks on structure by adjusting only a minor fraction of edges in the reservoir.

The SmMYB36-SmERF6/SmERF115 module regulates the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in hairy roots.

Tanshinone and phenolic acids are the most important active substances of , and the insight into their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is an essential process to increase their content . SmMYB36 has been found to have important regulatory functions in the synthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid; paradoxically, its mechanism of action in is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that SmMYB36 functions as a promoter of tanshinones accumulation and a suppressor of phenolic acids through the generation of overexpressed and chimeric -SRDX (EAR repressive domain) repressor hairy roots in combination with transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis.

Overexpression of SmMYC2 enhances salt resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots.

Soil salinity significantly affects both Salvia miltiorrhiza growth and development as well as seed germination throughout field cultivation and production. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) MYC2 contributes significantly to plant stress resistance as a key regulator of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In transgenic S.

Plasma Membrane H-ATPase Negatively Regulates the Biosynthesis of Tanshinones in .

Bunge has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, due to the pharmacological action of its active components such as the tanshinones. Plasma membrane (PM) H-ATPase plays key roles in numerous physiological processes in plants. However, little is known about the PM H-ATPase gene family in ().

Imaging through highly scattering human skulls with ultrasound-modulated optical tomography.

Advances in human brain imaging technologies are critical to understanding how the brain works and the diagnosis of brain disorders. Existing technologies have different drawbacks, and the human skull poses a great challenge for pure optical and ultrasound imaging technologies. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of using ultrasound-modulated optical tomography, a hybrid technology that combines both light and sound, to image through human skulls.

Single-shot surface 3D imaging by optical coherence factor.

We report a single-shot three-dimensional (3D) topographical imaging method, optical coherence factor (OCF) imaging, which uses optical coherence as the contrast mechanism to acquire the surface height (${z}$z-direction) information of an object. A 4-f imaging system records the light field reflected from the surface of the object. The illumination of the imaging system comes from a laser source with the optical coherence length comparable to the depth of field (DoF) of the optical system.

Molecular Reaction Mechanism for the Formation of 3-Chloropropanediol Esters in Oils and Fats.

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD esters) are a group of process-induced contaminants that form during the refining and heating of fats and oils. In this study, a combined method of simulated deodorization and computational simulation was used to explore the precursor substance and the generation path of 3-MCPD esters. From the results, 3-MCPD esters reached a content level of 2.

Multi-color live-cell super-resolution volume imaging with multi-angle interference microscopy.

Imaging and tracking of near-surface three-dimensional volumetric nanoscale dynamic processes of live cells remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a multi-color live-cell near-surface-volume super-resolution microscopy method that combines total internal reflection fluorescence structured illumination microscopy with multi-angle evanescent light illumination. We demonstrate that our approach of multi-angle interference microscopy is perfectly adapted to studying subcellular dynamics of mitochondria and microtubule architectures during cell migration.

Inverse matrix based phase estimation algorithm for structured illumination microscopy.

The fast imaging speed and low-intensity requirement of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) have made it one of the most widely used imaging tools in live cell imaging. In order to obtain a high fidelity reconstructed image, a precise estimation of the phase of the illumination pattern is required, especially in those structured illumination based techniques that rely on high-order harmonics to improve the resolution. This can be achieved in one of two fundamental ways.

Widefield and total internal reflection fluorescent structured illumination microscopy with scanning galvo mirrors.

We present an alternative approach to realize structured illumination microscopy (SIM), which is capable for live cell imaging. The prototype utilizes two sets of scanning galvo mirrors, a polarization converter and a piezo-platform to generate a fast shifted, s-polarization interfered and periodic variable illumination patterns. By changing the angle of the scanning galvanometer, we can change the position of the spots at the pupil plane of the objective lens arbitrarily, making it easy to switch between widefield and total internal reflection fluorescent-SIM mode and adapting the penetration depth in the sample.

Pattern-illuminated Fourier ptychography microscopy with a pattern-estimation algorithm.

In this paper we proposed a new method that combines random pattern illumination, the pattern-estimation algorithm, and the Fourier ptychography (FP) algorithm to recover a super-resolution image. We shifted one multispot pattern to different positions to capture images, and estimated these illumination patterns using a gradient descent algorithm that shares the same root with blind structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Based on the captured images and estimated patterns, the FP algorithm is then applied to recover a super-resolution image.

Repair of the peripheral nerve defect with the combination of allogeneic nerve and autologous neuroma.

Aim: To explore the effect of nerve regeneration through repairing the defect of sciatic nerve in rats with the combination of optimized acellular allogeneic nerve and autologous neuroma.

Material And Methods: 30 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups A and B, with 15 in each, which were used in preparing the models of the autologous neuroma and the defect of sciatic nerve. In the group A, the combination of allogeneic nerve and autologous neuroma was transplanted; in the group B, the autogenous nerve was transplanted.