New Redox Chemistries of Halogens in Aqueous Batteries.

Halogen-based redox-active materials represent an important class of materials in aqueous electrochemistry. The existence of versatile halogen species and their rich bonding coordination create great flexibility in designing new redox couples. Novel redox reaction mechanisms and electrochemical reversibility can be unlocked in specifically configurated electrolyte environments and electrodes.

Enhancement of Low Temperature Superionic Conductivity by Suppression of Li Site Ordering in LiSiGeSI.

Ge substitution into the recently discovered superionic conductor LiSiSI is demonstrated by synthesis of LiSiGeSI, where x≤1.2. The anion packing and tetrahedral silicon location of LiSiSI are retained upon substitution.

Accessing Mg-Ion Storage in VPS via Combined Cationic-Anionic Redox with Selective Bond Cleavage.

Magnesium batteries attract interest as alternative energy-storage devices because of elemental abundance and potential for high energy density. Development is limited by the absence of suitable cathodes, associated with poor diffusion kinetics resulting from strong interactions between Mg and the host structure. VPS is reported as a positive electrode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries.

Superionic lithium transport via multiple coordination environments defined by two-anion packing.

Fast cation transport in solids underpins energy storage. Materials design has focused on structures that can define transport pathways with minimal cation coordination change, restricting attention to a small part of chemical space. Motivated by the greater structural diversity of binary intermetallics than that of the metallic elements, we used two anions to build a pathway for three-dimensional superionic lithium ion conductivity that exploits multiple cation coordination environments.

Effect of angiotensin II on irradiation exacerbated decompression sickness.

In some complicated situations, decompression sickness (DCS) combined with other injuries, such as irradiation, will seriously endanger life safety. However, it is still unclear whether irradiation will increase the incidence of DCS. This study was designed to investigate the damage effects of irradiation on decompression injury and the underlying mechanism.

Elastomeric Electrolyte for High Capacity and Long-Cycle-Life Solid-State Lithium Metal Battery.

High room-temperature ionic conductivity and good compatibility with lithium metal and cathode materials are prerequisites for solid-state electrolytes used in lithium metal batteries. Here, the solid-state polymer electrolytes (SSPE) are prepared by combining the traditional two-roll milling technology with interface wetting. The as-prepared electrolytes consisting of elastomer matrix and high-mole-loading of LiTFSI salt show a high room temperature ionic conductivity of 4.

Grafting and Solubilization of Redox-Active Organic Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries.

This study concerns the development of sustainable design strategies of aqueous electrolytes for redox flow batteries using redox-active organic materials. A green spontaneous grafting reaction occurs between a redox-active organic radical and an electrochemically activated structural modifier at room temperature through a simple mixing step. Then, a physical mixing method is used to formulate a structured aqueous electrolyte and enables aqueous solubilization of the organic solute from below 0.

Control of Ionic Conductivity by Lithium Distribution in Cubic Oxide Argyrodites LiPSiOCl.

Argyrodite is a key structure type for ion-transporting materials. Oxide argyrodites are largely unexplored despite sulfide argyrodites being a leading family of solid-state lithium-ion conductors, in which the control of lithium distribution over a wide range of available sites strongly influences the conductivity. We present a new cubic Li-rich (>6 Li per formula unit) oxide argyrodite LiSiOCl that crystallizes with an ordered cubic (23) structure at room temperature, undergoing a transition at 473 K to a Li site disordered 4̅3 structure, consistent with the symmetry adopted by superionic sulfide argyrodites.

Redox Flow Batteries: Electrolyte Chemistries Unlock the Thermodynamic Limits.

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) represent a promising approach to enabling the widespread integration of intermittent renewable energy. Rapid developments in RFB materials and electrolyte chemistries are needed to meet the cost and performance targets. In this review, special emphasis is given to the recent advances how electrolyte design could circumvent the main thermodynamic restrictions of aqueous electrolytes.

Cation Disorder and Large Tetragonal Supercell Ordering in the Li-Rich Argyrodite LiZnSiS.

A tetragonal argyrodite with >7 mobile cations, LiZnSiS, is experimentally realized for the first time through solid state synthesis and exploration of the Li-Zn-Si-S phase diagram. The crystal structure of LiZnSiS was solved from high-resolution X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data and supported by solid-state NMR. LiZnSiS adopts a tetragonal 4 structure at room temperature with ordered Li and Zn positions and undergoes a transition above 411.

Varied effects exerted on sudden sensorineural hearing loss through HBO2 therapeutic pressure.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two commonly used therapeutic pressures, 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) versus 2.2 ATA, applied in hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Extended Condensed Ultraphosphate Frameworks with Monovalent Ions Combine Lithium Mobility with High Computed Electrochemical Stability.

Extended anionic frameworks based on condensation of polyhedral main group non-metal anions offer a wide range of structure types. Despite the widespread chemistry and earth abundance of phosphates and silicates, there are no reports of extended ultraphosphate anions with lithium. We describe the lithium ultraphosphates LiPO and LiPO based on extended layers and chains of phosphate, respectively.

Element selection for crystalline inorganic solid discovery guided by unsupervised machine learning of experimentally explored chemistry.

The selection of the elements to combine delimits the possible outcomes of synthetic chemistry because it determines the range of compositions and structures, and thus properties, that can arise. For example, in the solid state, the elemental components of a phase field will determine the likelihood of finding a new crystalline material. Researchers make these choices based on their understanding of chemical structure and bonding.

Polymorph of LiAlPO: Combined Computational, Synthetic, Crystallographic, and Ionic Conductivity Study.

We report a new polymorph of lithium aluminum pyrophosphate, LiAlPO, discovered through a computationally guided synthetic exploration of the Li-Mg-Al-P-O phase field. The new polymorph formed at 973 K, and the crystal structure, solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, adopts the orthorhombic space group with = 5.1140(9) Å, = 8.

A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic-Material-Based Energy-Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids.

Electrolyte chemistry is critical for any energy-storage device. Low-cost and sustainable rechargeable batteries based on organic redox-active materials are of great interest to tackle resource and performance limitations of current batteries with metal-based active materials. Organic active materials can be used not only as solid electrodes in the classic lithium-ion battery (LIB) setup, but also as redox fluids in redox-flow batteries (RFBs).

First-principles calculations and experimental investigation on SnO@ZnO heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic performance.

In this study, branch-like SnO@ZnO heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully fabricated via a simple two-step hydrothermal process. The optical and electronic properties were characterized in detail and the results indicated that SnO@ZnO nanocomposites (TZNCs) exhibited superior photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation as compared to pure SnO and ZnO. The excellent photocatalytic performance of TZNCs can be ascribed to the heterojunction structure between ZnO and SnO which depresses the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.

High-Voltage and Low-Temperature Aqueous Supercapacitor Enabled by "Water-in-Imidazolium Chloride" Electrolytes.

Symmetric aqueous high voltage supercapacitors up to 3 V have been demonstrated using concentrated aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl), namely, "water-in-imidazolium chloride", as working electrolytes, and graphene nanoplatelets-coated carbon paper as electrodes. Performance enhancement was further achieved either through adding redox species such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (4hT) into the electrolytes (110 Wh kg for a 20 m [BMIm]Cl/H O with 0.1 m 4hT) or by pre-inserting ClO anions into the graphene platelets.

One-Step Cationic Grafting of 4-Hydroxy-TEMPO and its Application in a Hybrid Redox Flow Battery with a Crosslinked PBI Membrane.

By using a one-step epoxide ring-opening reaction between 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (4-hydroxy-TEMPO) and glycidyltrimethylammonium cation (GTMA ), we synthesized a cation-grafted TEMPO (g -TEMPO) and studied its electrochemical performance against a Zn /Zn anode in a hybrid redox flow battery. To conduct Cl counter anions, a crosslinked methylated polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane was prepared and placed between the catholyte and anolyte. Compared to 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, the positively charged g - TEMPO exhibits enhanced reaction kinetics.

Identifying the redox activity of cation-disordered Li-Fe-V-Ti oxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries.

Cation-disordered oxides have recently shown promising properties on the way to explore high-performance intercalation cathode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Here, stoichiometric cation-disordered Li2FeVyTi1-yO4 (y = 0, 0.2, 0.

Mental abilities and performance efficacy under a simulated 480-m helium-oxygen saturation diving.

Stress in extreme environment severely disrupts human physiology and mental abilities. The present study investigated the cognition and performance efficacy of four divers during a simulated 480 meters helium-oxygen saturation diving. We analyzed the spatial memory, 2D/3D mental rotation functioning, grip strength, and hand-eye coordination ability in four divers during the 0-480 m compression and decompression processes of the simulated diving.

Li(+) intercalation in isostructural Li2VO3 and Li2VO2F with O(2-) and mixed O(2-)/F(-) anions.

Mixed-anion materials for Li-ion batteries have been attracting attention in view of their tunable electrochemical properties. Herein, we compare two isostructural (Fm3̅m) model intercalation materials Li2VO3 and Li2VO2F with O(2-) and mixed O(2-)/F(-) anions, respectively. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function data confirm large structural similarity over long-range and at the atomic scale for these materials.

Improved Voltage and Cycling for Li Intercalation in High-Capacity Disordered Oxyfluoride Cathodes.

of LiV Cr OF with a stable disordered rock salt host framework allow a high operating voltage up to 3.5 V, good rate performance (960 Wh kg at ≈1 C), and cycling stability.

[Effects of simulated nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50m on expression of inflammatory mediators in external auditory canal of rabbits].

Objective: To investigate the effects of simulated nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50 m on the expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the external auditory canal (EAC) of rabbits.

Methods: Two batches of New Zealand rabbits were exposed to nitrogen-oxygen saturated at a water depth of 50 m. After exposure, the epithelial tissue in the EAC was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the changes in expression of inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the EAC of rabbits were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Nanoscale spinel LiFeTiO4 for intercalation pseudocapacitive Li(+) storage.

Intercalation pseudocapacitive Li(+) storage has been recognized recently in metal oxide materials, wherein Li(+) intercalation into the lattice is not solid-state diffusion-limited. This may bridge the performance gap between electrochemical capacitors and battery materials. To date, only a few materials with desired crystal structure and with well-defined nanoarchitectures have been found to exhibit such attractive behaviour.

Multilocus sequencing typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and analysis of potential pathogenicity of typical genotype strains from occupational oxyhelium saturation divers.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common microbe isolated from divers with ear and skin infections. To obtain the epidemic characters of the occurrence of the P.