Effects of water-soluble vitamins on glycemic control and insulin resistance in adult type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Background And Objectives: Growing evidence has explored the effects of water-soluble vitamins supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in diabetic patients; however, the results of previous meta-analyses are inconsistent. To address this, we conducted an umbrella review to synthesize the evidence on these effects.

Methods And Study Design: A systematic literature search in Web of science, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed from 2012 to November 2022.

Developing a CRISPR/FrCas9 system for core promoter editing in rice.

Unlabelled: Small mutations in the core promoter region of a gene may result in substantial changes in expression strengths. However, targeting TA-rich sequences of core promoters may pose a challenge for Cas9 variants such as SpCas9 and other G-rich PAM-compatible Cas9s. In this study, we engineered a unique FrCas9 system derived from for plant genome editing.

Conditional knockdown of OsMLH1 to improve plant prime editing systems without disturbing fertility in rice.

Background: High-efficiency prime editing (PE) is desirable for precise genome manipulation. The activity of mammalian PE systems can be largely improved by inhibiting DNA mismatch repair by coexpressing a dominant-negative variant of MLH1. However, this strategy has not been widely used for PE optimization in plants, possibly because of its less conspicuous effects and inconsistent performance at different sites.

Reduced radiation dose and volume of contrast medium in heart rate-based, one-stop computed tomography angiography of coronary, carotid and cerebrovascular arteries.

Background: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a reliable, non-invasive screening method for diagnosing panvascular disease. By using low contrast agent volume, CTA imaging enables one-stop multi-organ scanning, thereby minimizing the potential risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with impaired renal function.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of one-stop CTA following a heart rate (HR)-based protocol using a low volume of contrast medium (CM) for examination of the coronary, carotid and cerebrovascular arteries.

Development of a highly efficient prime editor 2 system in plants.

Low efficiency has seriously restricted the application of prime editing (PE) systems in plants. In this study, we develop an enhanced plant prime editor 2 system, enpPE2, by stacking various optimization strategies, including updating the PE architecture to PEmax and expressing engineered pegRNA with a structured motif under the control of a composite promoter. In T rice plants, enpPE2 exhibits editing frequencies of 64.

Genome editing with type II-C CRISPR-Cas9 systems from Neisseria meningitidis in rice.

Two type II-C Cas9 orthologs (Nm1Cas9 and Nm2Cas9) were recently identified from Neisseria meningitidis and have been extensively used in mammalian cells, but whether these NmCas9 orthologs or other type II-C Cas9 proteins can mediate genome editing in plants remains unclear. In this study, we developed and optimized targeted mutagenesis systems from NmCas9s for plants. Efficient genome editing at the target with N GATT and N CC protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) was achieved with Nm1Cas9 and Nm2Cas9 respectively.

Development of an efficient plant dual cytosine and adenine editor.

An enhanced CDA-like (eCDAL) was established from Japanese lamprey CDA1-like 4 to achieve a high editing frequency in a broad region as a C-terminal cytosine base editors (CT-CBE). Then, a novel plant dual-base editor version 1(pDuBE1) was developed by integrating TadA-8e into eCDAL. The editing efficiency of pDuBE1 could reach to 87.

Identification of herbicide resistance OsACC1 mutations via in planta prime-editing-library screening in rice.

Base-editing-library-induced high density nucleotide substitutions have been applied to screen functional mutations in plants. However, due to limitations in the scope and conversion specificity of base editors, many desired mutations at pivotal protein sites may be overlooked. Here, we developed a prime-editing-library-mediated saturation mutagenesis (PLSM) method to substantially increase the diversity of amino acid substitutions at target sites for in planta screening.

Genome editing mediated by SpCas9 variants with broad non-canonical PAM compatibility in plants.

Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) is the most widely used genome editing tool in plants. The editing induced by SpCas9 strictly requires a canonical NGG protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), significantly limiting its scope of application. Recently, five SpCas9 variants, SpCas9-NRRH, SpCas9-NRCH, SpCas9-NRTH, SpG, and SpRY, were developed to recognize non-canonical PAMs in human cells.

Development of Plant Prime-Editing Systems for Precise Genome Editing.

Prime-editing systems have the capability to perform efficient and precise genome editing in human cells. In this study, we first developed a plant prime editor 2 (pPE2) system and test its activity by generating a targeted mutation on an HPT reporter in rice. Our results showed that the pPE2 system could induce programmable editing at different genome sites.

The trihelix transcription factor OsGTγ-2 is involved adaption to salt stress in rice.

OsGTγ-2, a trihelix transcription factor, is a positive regulator of rice responses to salt stress by regulating the expression of ion transporters. Salinity stress seriously restricts rice growth and yield. Trihelix transcription factors (GT factors) specifically bind to GT elements and play a diverse role in plant morphological development and responses to abiotic stresses.

SpCas9-NG self-targets the sgRNA sequence in plant genome editing.

Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9)-NG recognizes NGN protospacer adjacent motifs and expands the scope of genome-editing tools. In this study, we found that SpCas9-NG not only targeted the genome but also efficiently self-targeted the single-guide RNA sequence in transfer DNA in transgenic plants, potentially increasing off-target risk by generating new single-guide RNAs. We further showed that the self-target effect of SpCas9-NG could be greatly alleviated by using a modified single-guide RNA scaffold starting with a GCCCC sequence.

Isolation of five rice nonendosperm tissue-expressed promoters and evaluation of their activities in transgenic rice.

Using promoters expressed in nonendosperm tissues to activate target genes in specific plant tissues or organs with very limited expression in the endosperm is an attractive approach in crop transgenic engineering. In this article, five putative nonendosperm tissue-expressed promoters were cloned from the rice genome and designated P , P , P , P and P . By qualitatively and quantitatively examining GUSplus reporter gene expression in transgenic rice plants, P -P were all found to be active in the roots, leaves, stems, sheaths and panicles but not in the endosperm of plants at different developmental stages.

Isolation and identification of five cold-inducible promoters from Oryza sativa.

Five promoters of the cold-inducible rice genes were isolated. The quantitative and qualitative expression analyses in the high generation transgenic rice suggest that the genes are stably induced by low temperature. Cold-inducible promoters are highly desirable for stress-inducible gene expression in crop genetic engineering.

Generation of targeted mutant rice using a CRISPR-Cpf1 system.

CRISPR-Cpf1 is a newly identified CRISPR-Cas system, and Cpf1 was recently engineered as a molecular tool for targeted genome editing in mammalian cells. To test whether the engineered CRISPR-Cpf1 system could induce the production of rice mutants, we selected two genome targets in the OsPDS and OsBEL genes. Our results show that both targets could be efficiently mutated in transgenic rice plants using CRISPR-Cpf1.

Plant phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker for rice transformation.

The E. coli phosphomannose isomerase (EcPMI) gene is widely used as a selectable marker gene (SMG) in mannose (Man) selection-based plant transformation. Although some plant species exhibit significant PMI activity and active PMIs were even identified in Man-sensitive plants, whether plant PMIs can be used as SMGs remains unclear.

Low-Temperature-Induced Expression of Rice Ureidoglycolate Amidohydrolase is Mediated by a C-Repeat/Dehydration-Responsive Element that Specifically Interacts with Rice C-Repeat-Binding Factor 3.

Nitrogen recycling and redistribution are important for the environmental stress response of plants. In non-nitrogen-fixing plants, ureide metabolism is crucial to nitrogen recycling from organic sources. Various studies have suggested that the rate-limiting components of ureide metabolism respond to environmental stresses.

Identification of a regulatory element responsible for salt induction of rice OsRAV2 through ex situ and in situ promoter analysis.

Salt is a major environmental stress factor that can affect rice growth and yields. Recent studies suggested that members of the AP2/ERF domain-containing RAV (related to ABI3/VP1) TF family are involved in abiotic stress adaptation. However, the transcriptional response of rice RAV genes (OsRAVs) to salt has not yet been fully characterized.