Multiscale Collaborative Optimization for Composite Solid Electrolyte to Achieve High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries.

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) possess significant advantages over individual polymer or inorganic solid electrolytes. However, conventional CSEs suffer from multiple scale issues, including interruptions in ionic transport pathways, incompatibility at heterogeneous interface, and the excessive thickness of electrolytes. Herein, a novel CSE with ultrathin structure (22 µm) based on the strategy of multiscale collaborative optimization (MC-CSE) is designed.

Supplementation with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine during in vitro maturation improves goat oocyte developmental competence by regulating oxidative stress.

Oocyte quality can affect mammal fertilization rate, early embryonic development, pregnancy maintenance, and fetal development. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the most important causes of poor oocyte maturation in vitro. To reduce the degree of cellular damage caused by ROS, supplementation with the antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) serves as an effective pathway to alleviate glutathione (GSH) depletion during oxidative stress.

Standardization and consensus in the development and application of bone organoids.

Organoids, self-organized structures derived from stem cells cultured in a specific three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, have emerged as innovative platforms that closely mimic cellular behavior, tissue architecture, and organ function. Bone organoids, a frontier in organoid research, can replicate the complex structures and functional characteristics of bone tissue. Recent advancements have led to the successful development of bone organoids, including models of callus, woven bone, cartilage, trabecular bone, and bone marrow.

Deciphering the N-substituent effects on biodegradation of sulfonamides: Novel insights revealed from molecular biology and computational chemistry approaches.

Elucidating biodegradation mechanisms and predicting pollutant reactivities are essential for advancing the application of biodegradation engineering to address the challenge of thousands of emerging contaminants. Molecular biology and computational chemistry are powerful tools for this purpose, enabling the investigation of biochemical reactions at both the gene and atomic levels. This study employs the biodegradation of ten sulfonamide antibiotics as a case study to demonstrate the integration of genomics and quantum chemistry approaches in exploring the biodegradation behavior of emerging contaminants.

Mechano-Responsive Biomaterials for Bone Organoid Construction.

Mechanical force is essential for bone development, bone homeostasis, and bone fracture healing. In the past few decades, various biomaterials have been developed to provide mechanical signals that mimic the natural bone microenvironment, thereby promoting bone regeneration. Bone organoids, emerging as a novel research approach, are 3D micro-bone tissues that possess the ability to self-renew and self-organize, exhibiting biomimetic spatial characteristics.

Effects of different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine on the sperm quality, antioxidant enzyme activity, and antioxidant gene expression of cryopreserved goat semen.

During cryopreservation, spermatozoa produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which attack the plasma membrane, disrupt the physiological structure of the sperm, and ultimately decrease semen quality. This study investigated the effects of different N-acetylcysteine (NAC) concentrations on the cryopreservation of semen from Qianbei Ma goats. Semen samples were collected from five bucks with motility rates above 80 %.

Organoids and organoid extracellular vesicles-based disease treatment strategies.

Organoids are "mini-organs" that self-organize and differentiate from stem cells under in vitro 3D culture conditions, mimicking the spatial structure and function of tissues in vivo. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles secreted by living cells, rich in bioactive molecules, with excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Compared to EVs, organoid-derived EVs (OEVs) exhibit higher yield and enhanced biological functions.

Key role of CYP17A1 in Leydig cell function and testicular development in Qianbei Ma goats.

Reproductive traits are vital economic parameters in goat production, and boosting the reproductive capacity of breeding rams is crucial for enhancing the profitability of goat farming. Currently, research on the reproductive performance of Qianbei Ma goats mainly centers on investigating mechanisms associated with prolificacy and estrous ovulation in ewes, with limited emphasis on ram reproductive aspects. This study used scanning electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to profile the morphology of testis and the dynamic changes of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Testosterone (T) in serum at different developmental stages of Qianbei Ma goats.

Expression of in the Testis of the Qianbei Ma Goat and Its Effect on Leydig Cells.

The expression pattern of in the testis and its regulatory effect on testicular cells was explored in goats to enhance our understanding of spermatogenesis and improve reproduction in breeding rams. In this study, we demonstrated the localization of in testicular cells using immunohistochemistry and subcellular localization analyses. Subsequently, we analyzed the expression pattern in four age-based groups (0, 6, 12, and 18 months old) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and protein blotting.

Modulation of High-Frequency rTMS on Reward Circuitry in Individuals with Nicotine Dependence: A Preliminary fMRI Study.

Although previous studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can ameliorate addictive behaviors and cravings, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-frequency rTMS with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) as a target region on smoking addiction in nicotine-dependent individuals by detecting the change of spontaneous brain activity in the reward circuitry. We recruited 17 nicotine-dependence participants, who completed 10 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS over a 2-week period and underwent evaluation of several dependence-related scales, and resting-state fMRI scan before and after the treatment.

A Time-Dependent Damage Constitutive Model for Brittle Rock Materials Based on Subcritical Damage Theory.

In the domain of geotechnical engineering, a profound understanding of the long-term mechanical deformation characteristics of rocks is indispensable for the design and construction of structures, dams, tunnels, and various engineering projects. The deformation behavior of rocks under long-term loads directly impacts the stability and safety of engineering structures. This study employs micromechanical methods to investigate the subcritical extension of microcracks under stress corrosion.

Controlling false discovery rate for mediator selection in high-dimensional data.

The need to select mediators from a high dimensional data source, such as neuroimaging data and genetic data, arises in much scientific research. In this work, we formulate a multiple-hypothesis testing framework for mediator selection from a high-dimensional candidate set, and propose a method, which extends the recent development in false discovery rate (FDR)-controlled variable selection with knockoff to select mediators with FDR control. We show that the proposed method and algorithm achieved finite sample FDR control.

Model Selection for Exposure-Mediator Interaction.

In mediation analysis, the exposure often influences the mediating effect, i.e., there is an interaction between exposure and mediator on the dependent variable.

A systematic review of the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Given the established genetic linkage between triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), an expanding research body has delved into the intricate role of TREM2 within the AD context. However, a conflicting landscape of outcomes has emerged from both in vivo and in vitro investigations. This study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted nuances and gain a clearer comprehension of the role of TREM2.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Novel Terpenoid Glycoside Derivatives Decorated with -Acetylglucosamine Catalyzed by UGT74AC1.

The addition of the -linked -acetylglucosamine (-GlcNAc) is a significant modification for active molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and natural products. However, the synthesis of terpenoid glycoside derivatives decorated with GlcNAc remains a challenging task due to the absence of glycosyltransferases, key enzymes for catalyzing the transfer of GlcNAc to terpenoids. In this study, we demonstrated that the enzyme mutant UGT74AC1 efficiently transferred GlcNAc from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GlcNAc to a variety of terpenoids.

A robot-assisted tracheal intubation system based on a soft actuator?

Purpose: Tracheal intubation is the gold standard of airway protection and constitutes a pivotal life-saving technique frequently employed in emergency medical interventions. Hence, in this paper, a system is designed to execute tracheal intubation tasks automatically, offering a safer and more efficient solution, thereby alleviating the burden on physicians.

Methods: The system comprises a tracheal tube with a bendable front end, a drive system, and a tip endoscope.

Enhanced Thermal Boundary Conductance across GaN/SiC Interfaces with AlN Transition Layers.

Heat dissipation plays a crucial role in the performance and reliability of high-power GaN-based electronics. While AlN transition layers are commonly employed in the heteroepitaxial growth of GaN-on-SiC substrates, concerns have been raised about their impact on thermal transport across GaN/SiC interfaces. In this study, we present experimental measurements of the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) across GaN/SiC interfaces with varying thicknesses of the AlN transition layer (ranging from 0 to 73 nm) at different temperatures.

Viewpoint-dependent highlight depiction with microdisparity for autostereoscopic displays.

The rendering of specular highlights is a critical aspect of 3D rendering on autostereoscopic displays. However, the conventional highlight rendering techniques on autostereoscopic displays result in depth conflicts between highlights and diffuse surfaces. To address this issue, we propose a viewpoint-dependent highlight depiction method with head tracking, which incorporates microdisparity of highlights in binocular parallax and preserves the motion parallax of highlights.

Comparing the impact of three-dimensional digital visualization technology versus traditional microscopy on microsurgeons in microsurgery: a prospective self-controlled study.

Background: Emerging three-dimensional digital visualization technology (DVT) provides more advantages than traditional microscopy in microsurgery; however, its impact on microsurgeons' visual and nervous systems and delicate microsurgery is still unclear, which hinders the wider implementation of DVT in digital visualization for microsurgery.

Methods And Material: Forty-two microsurgeons from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were enrolled in this prospective self-controlled study. Each microsurgeon consecutively performed 30 min conjunctival sutures using a three-dimensional digital display and a microscope, respectively.

Integrative Metabolomics and Whole Transcriptome Sequencing Reveal Role for TREM2 in Metabolism Homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Dysregulation of various metabolism pathways may mediate the development of AD pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Variants of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) are known to increase the risk of developing AD.