ROS-responsive celastrol-nanomedicine alleviates inflammation for dry eye disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a major global eye disease leading to severe eye discomfort and even vision impairment. The incidence of DED has been gradually increasing with the high frequency of use of electronic devices. It has been demonstrated that celastrol (Cel) has excellent therapeutic efficacy in ocular disorders.

An injectable thermoresponsive-hydrogel for lamellar keratoplasty: In-situ releases celastrol and hampers corneal scars.

Corneal stromal fibrosis is a common cause of visual impairment resulting from corneal injury, inflammation and surgery. Therefore, there is an unmet need for inhibiting corneal stromal fibrosis. However, bioavailability of topical eye drops is very low due to the tear and corneal barriers.

Balanced activation of Nrf-2/ARE mediates the protective effect of sulforaphane on keratoconus in the cell mechanical microenvironment.

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive degenerative disease that usually occurs bilaterally and is characterized by corneal thinning and apical protrusion of the cornea. Oxidative stress is an indicator of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and KC keratocytes exhibit increased ROS production compared with that of normal keratocytes. Therefore, oxidative stress in KC keratocytes may play a major role in the development and progression of KC.

M2 macrophages promote subconjunctival fibrosis through YAP/TAZ signalling.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of M2 macrophages in subconjunctival fibrosis after silicone implantation (SI) and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: A model of subconjunctival fibrosis was established by SI surgery in rabbit eyes. M2 distribution and collagen deposition were evaluated by histopathology.

Antibiotic Delivery System for Treating Bacteria-Induced Anterior Blepharitis.

The eyelid-related disease of blepharitis remains a tricky ocular disorder and affects patient compliance. However, there is no available and effective treatment, making it extremely challenging. Herein, an antibacterial system based on antibiotic delivery was developed and applied in a blepharitis model induced by bacteria.

Novel technique for amniotic membrane transplantation for acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis patients.

Purpose: To report a novel technique to facilitate amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for acute stage Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Design: Laboratory investigation and retrospective, single-center case series.

Methods: The polylactic acid (PLA) amniotic fornical ring (AFR) have been successfully manufactured by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for AMT.

Personalized 3D-printed amniotic fornical ring for ocular surface reconstruction.

In the present work, we used three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to make a polylactic acid (PLA) amniotic fornical ring (AFR) for ocular surface reconstruction. This work is a retrospective and interventional case series of patients with ocular surface diseases who underwent either personalized 3D-printed AFR-assisted amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) or sutured AMT (SAMT). Patient epidemiology, treatment, operative duration, epithelial healing time, retention time, vision changes, morbidity, and costs were analyzed.

Carboxymethyl chitosan regulates macrophages polarization to inhibit early subconjunctival inflammation in conjunctival injury.

Persistent subconjunctival inflammation leads to subconjunctival fibrosis and eventual visual impairment. There is an unmet need for how to effectively inhibit subconjunctival inflammation. Herein, the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on subconjunctival inflammation was investigated and the mechanism was involved.

Celastrol Alleviates Corneal Stromal Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3-YAP/TAZ Signaling After Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of celastrol (CEL) on corneal stromal fibrosis after Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) and its associated mechanism.

Methods: Rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RCFs) were isolated, cultured, and identified. A CEL-loaded positive nanomedicine (CPNM) was developed to enhance corneal penetration.

Celastrol-based nanomedicine hydrogels eliminate posterior capsule opacification.

To formulate an injectable thermosensitive micelle-hydrogel hybrid system loaded with celastrol (celastrol-loaded micelle hydrogel: CMG) to prevent posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Celastrol-loaded micelles were embedded in a thermosensitive hydrogel matrix to enable controlled on-demand celastrol delivery into the residual capsule. The efficacy and mechanisms of the system for eliminating PCO were evaluated in rabbits.

Differential Efficacy of B-Ultrasound Combined with Molybdenum Target Detection Mode for Breast Cancer Staging and Correlation of Blood Flow Parameters with IGF-1 and IGF-2 Expression Level and Prognosis.

The study investigates the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound combined with the molybdenum target mode in breast cancer staging and the relationship between blood flow parameters and the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and factor 2 (IGF-2) and prognosis. A total of 96 patients admitted to hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 are included in the breast cancer group, and 58 patients admitted to our hospital during the same period are included in the control group, who are diagnosed with benign breast lesions. All patients receive clinicopathological diagnosis, ultrasound detection, and X-ray molybdenum detection.

B-Ultrasound Image Analysis of Intrauterine Pregnancy Residues after Mid-Term Pregnancy Based on Smart Medical Big Data.

Abdominal B-ultrasound images of intrauterine pregnancy tissue residues were analyzed to discuss their diagnostic value. With the rapid development of computer technology and medical imaging technology, doctors are also faced with more and more medical image diagnosis tasks, and computer-aided diagnosis systems are especially important in order to reduce the work pressure of doctors. In recent years, deep learning has made rapid development and achieved great breakthroughs in various fields.

A dual-functional chitosan derivative platform for fungal keratitis.

Fungal keratitis remains a serious infectious ocular disease, and the traditional administration of eye drops is limited by ocular intrinsic barriers and drug shortages. Herein, we fabricated a chitosan-based dual-functional platform for ocular topical delivery of econazole. The platform can prolong the residence time on the ocular surface due to its strong interaction with the mucin layer by physical adhesion and covalent bonding, and also open corneal epithelial tight junctions for being positively charged, thereby enhancing corneal penetration of drug.

Celastrol-based nanomedicine promotes corneal allograft survival.

Effectively promoting corneal allograft survival remains a challenge in corneal transplantation. The emerging therapeutic agents with high pharmacological activities and their appropriate administration routes provide attractive solutions. In the present study, a celastrol-loaded positive nanomedicine (CPNM) was developed to enhance corneal penetration and to promote corneal allograft survival.

Thermo-Gelling Dendronized Chitosans as Biomimetic Scaffolds for Corneal Tissue Engineering.

Biomimetic scaffolds with transparent, biocompatible, and in situ-forming properties are highly desirable for corneal tissue engineering, which can deeply fill corneal stromal defects with irregular shapes and support tissue regeneration. We here engineer a novel class of corneal scaffolds from oligoethylene glycol (OEG)-based dendronized chitosans (DCs), whose aqueous solutions show intriguing sol-gel transitions triggered by physiological temperature, resulting in highly transparent hydrogels. Gelling points of these hydrogels can be easily tuned, and furthermore, their mechanical strengths can be significantly enhanced when injected into PBS at 37 °C instead of pure water.

A lingering mouthwash with sustained antibiotic release and biofilm eradication for periodontitis.

Dental plaque biofilms are believed to be one of the principal virulence factors in periodontitis resulting in tooth loss. Traditional mouthwashes are limited due to the continuous flow of saliva and poor drug penetration ability in the biofilm. Herein, we fabricated an antibiotic delivery platform based on natural polysaccharides (chitosan and cyclodextrin) as a novel mouthwash for the topical cavity delivery of minocycline.

Oxidative stress in corneal stromal cells contributes to the development of keratoconus in a rabbit model.

Purpose: To investigate the role of oxidative stress in keratocytes in the pathogenesis of keratoconus (KC) using the rabbit cornea as a model.

Methods: Immerse the rabbit cornea in collagenase type II solution at room temperature for 30 min in the KC group. The central cornea thickness (CCT), and mean keratometry (Km) were examined before and after the procedure.

Ca-supplying black phosphorus-based scaffolds fabricated with microfluidic technology for osteogenesis.

Effective osteogenesis remains a challenge in the treatment of bone defects. The emergence of artificial bone scaffolds provides an attractive solution. In this work, a new biomineralization strategy is proposed to facilitate osteogenesis through sustaining supply of nutrients including phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and silicon (Si).

A Retrospective Study of Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy Combined With Meibomian Gland Expression in Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical changes after intense pulsed light and meibomian gland expression (IPL/MGX) treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients, and to identify ideal candidates, and the therapeutic window, for IPL/MGX.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 44 MGD patients (44 eyes). The IPL/MGX treatment was applied on the eyelids three times at intervals of 4 weeks.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Aminomethylation of Glycine Derivatives with Indoles via C-H Activation.

A rhodium(III)-catalyzed decarboxylative aminomethylation of glycine derivatives with indoles bearing a pyrimidine directing group was developed via C-H activation, exclusively affording the corresponding aminomethylated products with C3 selectivity. In this synthetic protocol, easily available and resourceful arylglycines were utilized as aminomethyl functional moieties.

A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed tunable coupling reaction of indole derivatives with alkylidenecyclopropanes via C-H activation.

We herein report a rhodium(iii)-catalyzed cross coupling of indole derivatives with alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) in the presence of KCl, affording the alkene products exclusively with E-selectivity via C-H bond activation. The beta-H elimination to afford the conjugated diene derivatives has been suppressed by the addition of KCl. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed along with derivatization of the obtained product to demonstrate the practical usefulness of this synthetic protocol.

Activation Relay on Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Aminomethylation in Cooperation with Photoredox Catalysis.

A site selective C-H aminomethylation at indole's C3 position has been achieved by merging rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation and photoredox catalysis in a one-pot manner. An investigation of the mechanistic insights rationalized the essence of the activation relay and the combination mode.

Long-Term Effects of Intense Pulsed Light Combined with Meibomian Gland Expression in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Background: Although IPL has been proven to be effective in the treatment of MGD, any report regarding its long-term efficacy is unavailable by now.

Methods: The randomly selected study eye received a series of three IPL treatments that were applied directly on eyelids with an interval of 4 weeks (treatment energy, 14-16 J/cm).

Sulforaphane protects rabbit corneas against oxidative stress injury in keratoconus through activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway.

The aim of the present study was to examine whether activation of the nuclear factor E2‑related factor 2 (Nrf‑2)/heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) antioxidant pathway in the cornea was involved in the protective effect of sulforaphane (SF) following keratoconus (KC) injury. Following epithelial debridement, collagenase type II was applied in KC groups at room temperature for 30 min. Following this, rabbits were administered with a subconjunctival (s.