[Screening and activity analysis of nanobodies against lymphocyte activation gene-3(LAG-3)].

Objective To generate the phage display nanobody library immunized by lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and to validate the functional activity of obtained anti-LAG-3 nanobodies. Methods The peripheral blood cDNA library was isolated from the adult llama which was immunized by human LAG-3 protein. The nanobodies sequences were obtained by nested PCR and cloned into the phagemid vector pComb3XSS, then transformed into Escherichia coli XL1-Blue cells for library generation and quality analysis.

Research advances in treatment methods and drug development for rare diseases.

As the incidence of rare diseases increases each year, the total number of rare disease patients worldwide is nearly 400 million. Orphan medications are drugs used to treat rare diseases. Orphan drugs, however, are rare and patients often struggle to utilize them and expensive medications during treatment.

Silver Ions as Novel Coreaction Accelerator for Remarkably Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence in a PTCA-SO System and Its Application in an Ultrasensitive Assay for Mercury Ions.

In this work, with the use of Ag(I) ion as robust coreaction accelerator for the enhancement of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid-peroxydisulfate (PTCA-SO) system, a highly sensitive solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-biosensing platform was successfully designed for the detection of mercury ions (Hg). Specifically, a long guanine-rich (C-rich) double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was generated by the target-Hg-controlled DNA machine that could amplify the ECL signal of the PTCA-SO system by embedding the Ag(I) ion. Herein, the Ag(I) ion, as a coreaction accelerator, could first react with SO to produce Ag(II) ion and a sulfate radical anion (SO).