(m) RVD-hemopressin (α) Ameliorated Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Damage to the BDNF/TrkB/Akt Pathway Induced by Scopolamine in HT22 Cells.

Dysfunction in the cholinergic system and oxidative stress are closely related and play roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Scopolamine (Scop), which is commonly used to induce cholinergic system damage in cells and animals, also evokes oxidative stress. Our previous study indicated that the peptide (m) RVD-hemopressin (RVD) reversed the memory-impairing effect of Scop in mice by activating cannabinoid receptor 1 (CBR1), but the mechanism was unclear.

L22 ribosomal protein is involved in dynamin-related protein 1-mediated gastric carcinoma progression.

Mitochondrial fission depends on dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) guanosine triphosphatase activity. Although there is some association between Drp1 and gastric cancer, the detailed mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, the elevation of Drp1 was observed in human gastric carcinoma specimens including gastric mixed adenocarcinoma tissues, gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma tissues, and human gastric cancer cells compared to normal control, but not in diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma tissues.

Applicability and implementation of the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model, including protocols (Review).

Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are essential for studying the pathogenesis of RA and determining the efficacy of anti-RA drugs. During the past decades, numerous rodent models of arthritis have been evaluated as potential models and the modeling methods are relatively well-developed. Among these models, the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model is the first choice and the most widely used because it may be generated rapidly and inexpensively and is relatively similar in pathogenesis to human RA.

Identification of novel Aβ-LilrB2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.

LilrB2 is an Aβ receptor with high affinity, which not only contributes to memory deficits but also mediates the loss of synaptic plasticity. Thus, Aβ-LilrB2 interaction inhibitors (ALIs) might be a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. In this study, an ELISA-based interaction assay was established as a novel approach to identify ALIs and was used to screen 110 compounds from a compound library.

CASC15 Polymorphisms are Correlated With Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Chinese Han Women.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor among women. Numerous studies have been reported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were associated with various human diseases.

Materials And Methods: In the current study, 681 patients with BC and 680 unrelated controls were recruited to investigate the correlation between lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) polymorphisms and BC risk in Chinese Han women.

Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Amyloid-β Receptors and Transporters in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that has been recognized as one of the most intractable medical problems with heavy social and economic costs. Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been identified as a major factor that participates in AD progression through its neurotoxic effects. The major mechanism of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is by interacting with membrane receptors and subsequent triggering of aberrant cellular signaling.

(m)RVD-hemopressin (α) and (m)VD-hemopressin (α) improve the memory-impairing effect of scopolamine in novel object and object location recognition tasks in mice.

Dysfunction of cholinergic system plays an important role in disease associated with cognitive blockage, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Central administration of scopolamine, an antagonist of acetylcholine receptor, could induce memory impairment in mice. Endocannabinoid system was also implicated in AD, as two peptides agonists of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), (m)RVD-hemopressin (α) (RVD) and (m)VD-hemopressin (α) (VD) have been reported to inhibit the AD-relating impairment in animal and cell models.

AMPK alleviates oxidative stress‑induced premature senescence via inhibition of NF-κB/STAT3 axis-mediated positive feedback loop.

Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) is characterized by the secretion of a variety of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, which are defined collectively as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation contributes to SIPS prevention, and the impact of AMPK on SASP may be included, but the mechanisms governing this phenomenon have not elucidated. In this study, we showed that SIPS is accompanied by a dynamic fluctuation of NF-κB activation, which induces SASP production, whilst reinforcing and amplifying local STAT3 signalling and subsequently enhancing downstream senescence.

Immunosuppressive receptor LILRB1 acts as a potential regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma by integrating with SHP1.

Background: Immunosuppressive receptor LILRB1 regulates tumors progression by transducing immune inhibitory signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. However, its role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) remains vague.

Objective: This study is aimed to disclose the association between LILRB1 and HCC.

Effect of (m)RVD-hemopressin against Aβ1-42-induced apoptosis and inhibition of neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease. Senile plaques (SPs) in the extracellular space and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the intracellular areas of the brain are two typical features of AD. SPs and NFTs are composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and hyperphosphorylated Tau, respectively.

Use of starch-based fat replacers in foods as a strategy to reduce dietary intake of fat and risk of metabolic diseases.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Elevated blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels are crucial risk factors that contribute to the development of CVD and other metabolic diseases. Dietary fat is believed to be the key factor in modulating circulating cholesterol levels.

Effect of (m)VD-hemopressin against Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse hippocampal neurons.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease. Senile plaques (SPs) composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) are typical features of AD. Aβ plays a key role in the disease and has the ability to induce other pathological characteristics of AD, including oxidative stress injury.

Stability and inhibitory function of Treg cells under inflammatory conditions .

Immunotherapy with transplanted T-regulatory (Treg) cells is currently in use. However, patients have complex internal environments with confounding factors, including the presence of inflammatory cytokines. The present study aimed to detect Treg cell function under simulated inflammatory conditions to provide a foundation for Treg cell-based immunotherapy.

Is Plant Sterols a Good Strategy to Lower Cholesterol?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of dealth worldwide today. Lowering circulating total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the most effective approaches of CVD prevention. Dietary guidelines and health organizations approved using plant sterols (PS) as the alternative to conventional method in attenuating circulating TC and LDL-C levels and risk of CVD.

Monocytes in the Peripheral Clearance of Amyloid-β and Alzheimer's Disease.

Aging societies have high incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is diagnosed at later disease stages and has a poor prognosis, and effective drugs and treatments for AD are lacking. The molecular mechanism of AD is not clear, and current research focuses primarily on amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation.

Glioma in Schizophrenia: Is the Risk Higher or Lower?

Whether persons with schizophrenia have a higher or lower incidence of cancer has been discussed for a long time. Due to the complex mechanisms and characteristics of different types of cancer, it is difficult to evaluate the exact relationship between cancers and schizophrenia without considering the type of tumor. Schizophrenia, a disabling mental illness that is now recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, is more correlated with brain tumors, such as glioma, than other types of tumors.

MicroRNA-1254 exerts oncogenic effects by directly targeting RASSF9 in human breast cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play crucial roles in human breast cancer. Although miR-1254 has been shown to have oncogenic activity in several cancer types, its biological function in breast cancer and its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-1254 in human breast cancer and sought to elucidate the relevant underlying mechanisms.

Ratio of CD147/CD147 in CD4CD25 T cells: A potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prediction of response to therapy for autoimmune diseases.

Regulatory T cell (Treg cell) is an important immunosuppressive T cell subset and plays a dominant role in maintaining the immune balance in vivo. The function defects in Treg cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. The detection of Treg cell suppressive function is important for early diagnosis and prediction of response to treatment for autoimmune diseases.

Inhibition of PirB Activity by TAT-PEP Improves Mouse Motor Ability and Cognitive Behavior.

Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), a functional receptor for myelin-associated inhibitory proteins, plays an important role in axon regeneration in injured brains. However, its role in normal brain function with age has not been previously investigated. Therefore in this study, we examined the expression level of PirB in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of mice at 1 month, 3 months and 18 months of age.

MicroRNA targeting microtubule cross-linked protein (MACF1) would suppress the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumor.

Cancer is one of the most serious diseases that endanger human health in the world today, and the incidence and mortality of cancer increases year by year. Invasion and metastasis is the most prominent feature of malignant tumors, but also becomes the primary factor of threatening patient's health. Tumor cell invasion and metastasis which closely related to the dynamic changes of the cytoskeleton is an important factor influencing the survival of patients.

Effects of the cannabinoid 1 receptor peptide ligands hemopressin, (m)RVD-hemopressin(α) and (m)VD-hemopressin(α) on memory in novel object and object location recognition tasks in normal young and Aβ1-42-treated mice.

The cannabinoid system plays an important role in memory processes, many studies have indicated that cannabinoid receptor ligands have ability to modulate memory in rodents. A nonapeptide hemopressin (Hp) derived from rat brain, acts as a peptide antagonist or selective inverse peptide agonist of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor. N-terminally extended forms of Hp isolated from mouse brain, (m)RVD-hemopressin(α) (RVD) and (m)VD-hemopressin(α) (VD) also bind CB1 receptor, however, as peptide agonists.

Endomorphin-1 attenuates Aβ42 induced impairment of novel object and object location recognition tasks in mice.

A growing body of evidence suggests that the agglomeration of amyloid-β (Aβ) may be a trigger for Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). Central infusion of Aβ42 can lead to memory impairment in mice. Inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ has been considered a therapeutic strategy for AD.

The role of apelin-13 in novel object recognition memory.

Apelin and its receptor APJ (apelin receptor) are prominently expressed in brain regions involved in learning and memory. However, the role of apelin in cognition was largely unclear. Here, the role of apelin-13 in memory processes was investigated in mice novel object recognition task.

Neuropeptide S interacts with the basolateral amygdala noradrenergic system in facilitating object recognition memory consolidation.

The noradrenergic activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) was reported to be involved in the regulation of object recognition memory. As the BLA expresses high density of receptors for Neuropeptide S (NPS), we investigated whether the BLA is involved in mediating NPS's effects on object recognition memory consolidation and whether such effects require noradrenergic activity. Intracerebroventricular infusion of NPS (1nmol) post training facilitated 24-h memory in a mouse novel object recognition task.

Neuropeptide S enhances memory and mitigates memory impairment induced by MK801, scopolamine or Aβ₁₋₄₂ in mice novel object and object location recognition tasks.

Neuropeptide S (NPS), the endogenous ligand of NPSR, has been shown to promote arousal and anxiolytic-like effects. According to the predominant distribution of NPSR in brain tissues associated with learning and memory, NPS has been reported to modulate cognitive function in rodents. Here, we investigated the role of NPS in memory formation, and determined whether NPS could mitigate memory impairment induced by selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK801, muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine or Aβ₁₋₄₂ in mice, using novel object and object location recognition tasks.