Engineering Chromatin Regulation of Xylose Utilization in Budding Yeast for Efficient Bioconversion.

Utilization of xylose as a renewable carbon source has received constant interest. Considering that the structure and state of eukaryotic chromatin are inextricably intertwined, it is significant to explore chromatin regulation for engineering xylose metabolism in yeast. Here, we show that two chromatin remodelers, namely, Swr1 and Isw1, affect xylose utilization in recombinant budding yeast.

Polylactic acid micro/nanoplastic-induced hepatotoxicity: Investigating food and air sources via multi-omics.

Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) are detected in human liver, and pose significant risks to human health. Oral exposure to MNPs derived from non-biodegradable plastics can induce toxicity in mouse liver. Similarly, nasal exposure to non-biodegradable plastics can cause airway dysbiosis in mice.

Gut microbiota induced epigenetic modifications in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing global health concern that can lead to liver disease and cancer. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, unrelated to excessive alcohol consumption. Studies indicate that the gut microbiota-host crosstalk may play a causal role in NAFLD pathogenesis, with epigenetic modification serving as a key mechanism for regulating this interaction.

Effects of partial reduction of polystyrene micro-nanoplastics on the immunity, gut microbiota and metabolome of mice.

Microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) could cause gut microbiota alterations. Although micro/nanoplastic (MNP) degradation is attracting increasing scientific interest, the evaluation of MNP reduction in gut needs to be further investigated. This study aimed to determine whether partial reduction of polystyrene MNP in gut could affect the immunity, gut microbiota and metabolome of mice.

Carbon dots stabilized photoluminescent blue phase liquid crystals.

Blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) have significant potential in the field of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and are proposed as potential next-generation of LCDs candidates. However, BPLCs do not emit light directly and need an extra backlight device. As a result, the blue phase liquid crystal display retains the disadvantages of low brightness and low energy efficiency, which remarkably limit its application.

Engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase improves the conversion efficiency of rebaudioside A to glucosylated steviol glycosides and increases the content of short-chain glycosylated steviol glycoside.

Background: Compared with steviol glycosides, the taste of glucosylated steviol glycosides is better and more similar to that of sucrose. At present, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is primarily used to catalyze the conversion of steviol glycosides to glucosylated steviol glycosides, with soluble starch serving as a glycosyl donor. The main disadvantages of enzymatic transglycosylation are the limited number of enzymes available, the low conversion rates that result in low yields, and the lack of selectivity in the degree of glycosylation of the products.

Efficient Bioconversion of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A to Glucosylated Steviol Glycosides Using an -Derived Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase.

The enzymatic transglycosylation of steviol glycosides can improve the edulcorant quality of steviol glycosides. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is one of the most popular glucanotransferases applied in this reaction. Herein, the CGTase-producing strain CGMCC 23164 was isolated from planting soil.

Characteristics of the intestinal bacterial microbiota profiles in Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum LI09 pre-treated rats with D-galactosamine-induced liver injury.

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum LI09 could prevent D-galactosamine-induced liver injury. Our previous study has preliminarily determined that different intestinal microbiota profiles existed in the LI09-treated rats. Due to the sample size limitation, some subsequent analyses could not be achieved.

Airborne polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics induce nasal and lung microbial dysbiosis in mice.

Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) have been found in multiple environments and creatures. However, their effects on the airway microbiota still remain poorly understood. In this study, a series of bioinformatic and statistical analyses were carried out to explore the influence of airborne MP and NP on the nasal and lung microbiota in mice.

Deletion of in a recombinant improved xylose utilization and affected transcription of genes related to amino acid metabolism.

Production of biofuels and biochemicals from xylose using yeast cell factory is of great interest for lignocellulosic biorefinery. Our previous studies revealed that a natural yeast isolate YB-2625 has superior xylose-fermenting ability. Through integrative omics analysis, , which encodes a transcription regulator as well as a subunit of chromatin modifying histone acetyltransferase complexes was revealed to regulate xylose metabolism.

Structural Color Controllable Humidity Response Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystalline Film.

Through self-assembly, environmentally friendly cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can form films with a photonic crystal structure whose pitch size can be adjusted in a variety of ways at the fabrication stage. Moreover, the films exhibit response performance to multiple stimuli, which offers extensive applications. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and CNCs combine to form a smaller chiral nematic domain that develops a solid film with a uniform spiral structure when slowly dried.

Alterations of gut and oral microbiota in the individuals consuming take-away food in disposable plastic containers.

Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) exist in the disposable plastic take-away containers. This study aims to determine the gut and oral microbiota alterations in the individuals frequently and occasionally consuming take-away food in disposable plastic containers (TFDPC), and explore the effect of micro/nanoplastics (MNP) reduction on gut microbiota in mice. TFDPC consumption are associated with greater presences of gastrointestinal dysfunction and cough.

Characterising the Intestinal Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Associated With Different Cytokine Profiles in Two Pre-Treated Rats With D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury.

Multiple probiotics have protective effects against different types of liver injury. Different intestinal microbes could be beneficial to the protective effects of the probiotics on the treated cohorts in different aspects. The current study was designed to determine the intestinal bacterial and fungal microbiome associated with different cytokine profiles in the LI09 and LI10 pretreated rats with D-galactosamine-induced liver injury.

Prenatal diagnosis and multidisciplinary management: a case report of congenital granular cell epulis and literature review.

Congenital granular cell epulis (CGCE) is a rare benign soft tissue lesion that usually originates from the neonatal gingiva and can lead to difficulty in breathing and feeding upon birth. This current case report describes a female newborn with a gingival mass that was identified by prenatal fetal ultrasonography. At birth, the oral mass was observed to protrude from the mouth, which adversely affected feeding.

Corrigendum to "Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632266.].

Correction: Factors Influencing Patients' Initial Decisions Regarding Telepsychiatry Participation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Telephone-Based Survey.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/25469.].

Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

In recent years, the relationship between intestinal microbiota (IM) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted much attention. The beneficial effects of IM on the metabolic phenotype of the host are often considered to be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate, the small-molecule metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs not only have an essential role in intestinal health but might also enter the systemic circulation as signaling molecules affecting the host's metabolism.

Factors Influencing Patients' Initial Decisions Regarding Telepsychiatry Participation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Telephone-Based Survey.

Background: Telepsychiatry enables patients to establish or maintain psychiatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the factors influencing patients' initial decisions to participate in telepsychiatry in the midst of a public health crisis.

Objective: This paper seeks to examine factors influencing patients' initial decisions to accept or decline telepsychiatry immediately after the stay-at-home order in Michigan, their initial choice of virtual care modality (video or telephone), and their anticipated participation in telepsychiatry once clinics reopen for in-person visits.

Design, Evolution, and Characterization of a Xylose Biosensor in Using the XylR/ System with an Expanded Operating Range.

Genetically encoded biosensors are extensively utilized in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. However, reported xylose biosensors are far too sensitive with a limited operating range to be useful for most sensing applications. In this study, we describe directed evolution of XylR, and construction of biosensors based on XylR and the corresponding operator .

Characteristics of three microbial colonization states in the duodenum of the cirrhotic patients.

Investigation of characteristics of different duodenal microbial colonization states in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Deep-sequencing analyses of the 16S rRNA gene V1-V3 regions were performed. Both bacterial compositions and richness were different between the three-clustered LC microbiotas, in other words, Cluster_1_LC, Cluster_2_LC and Cluster_3_LC.

Preoperative Opioid Use and Readmissions Following Surgery.

Objective: To assess the association between preoperative opioid exposure and readmissions following common surgery.

Summary Background Data: Preoperative opioid use is common, but its effect on opioid-related, pain-related, respiratory-related, and all-cause readmissions following surgery is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed claims data from a 20% national Medicare sample of patients ages ≥ 65 with Medicare Part D claims undergoing surgery between January 1, 2009 and November 30, 2016.

Identification and characterization of novel xylose isomerases from a Bos taurus fecal metagenome.

Discovering sugar metabolism genes is of great interest for lignocellulosic biorefinery. Xylose isomerases (XIs) were commonly screened from metagenomes derived from bovine rumen, soil, and other sources. However, so far, XIs and other sugar-utilizing enzymes have not been discovered from fecal metagenomes.

The tacrolimus-induced glucose homeostasis imbalance in terms of the liver: From bench to bedside.

Tacrolimus (TAC), the mainstay of maintenance immunosuppressive agents, plays a crucial role in new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT). Previous studies investigating the diabetogenic effects of TAC have focused on the β cells of islets. In this study, we found that TAC contributed to NODAT through directly affecting hepatic metabolic homeostasis.

The Neurospora RNA polymerase II kinase CTK negatively regulates catalase expression in a chromatin context-dependent manner.

Clearance and adaptation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for cell survival. As in other eukaryotes, the Neurospora catalases are the main enzymes responsible for ROS clearance and their expression are tightly regulated by the growth and environmental conditions. The RNA polymerase II carboxyl terminal domain (RNAPII CTD) kinase complex (CTK complex) is known as a positive elongation factor for many inducible genes by releasing paused RNAPII near the transcription start site and promoting transcription elongation.