In vitro inhibitory activity of indole alkaloid derivatives against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric coronavirus that can cause acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality of newborn piglets, leading to huge economic losses to the world pig industry. Given the limited efficacy of current PEDV vaccines, there is an urgent need for the development of antiviral drugs. In this study, the antiviral effects of 17 synthesized indole alkaloid derivatives against PEDV were investigated.

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Jingmen tick virus in Jiangxi Province, China.

Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a newly identified segmented flavivirus that has been recognized in multiple hosts, such as humans, buffalos, bats, rodents, mosquitos and ticks. Various clinical cases and studies manifested that JMTV is a true arbovirus with wide host spectrum and showed potential threats toward public health. JMTV has been reported in multiple countries in Asia, Europe, Africa, and America.

IGFBP-rP1 is a potential therapeutic target in androgenic alopecia.

The available interventions for androgenic alopecia (AGA), the most common type of hair loss worldwide, remain limited. The insulin growth factor (IGF) system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AGA. However, the exact role of IGF binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) in hair growth and AGA has not been reported.

Association analysis of the IKZF4 gene with Alopecia Areata in the Chinese Han population.

Objective: The IKZF4(Ikaros family zinc finger 4) gene encodes Eos, a zinc finger transcription factor that belongs to the Ikaros family. High expression of Eos on Treg cells is important for the suppression of autoimmune responses and immune homeostasis. It has been suggested that the SNP in IKZF4 may influence the pathogenesis of AA(alopecia areata).

PRRSV Elimination in a Farrow-to-Finish Pig Herd Using Herd Closure and Rollover Approach.

It is well established that PRRSV elimination is an effective strategy for PRRS control, but published reports concerning successful PRRSV elimination cases in farrow-to-finishing herds are rare. Here, we have reported a successful PRRSV elimination case in a farrow-to-finish herd by employing a "herd closure and rollover" approach with some modifications. Briefly, the introduction of pigs to the herd was stopped and normal production processes were maintained until the herd reached a PRRSV provisional negative status.

Blunting ROS/TRPML1 pathway protects AFB1-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis by restoring impaired autophagic flux.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a stable mycotoxin that contaminates animal feed on a large scale and causes severe damage to intestinal cells, induces inflammation and stimulates autophagy. Transient receptor potential mucolipin subfamily 1 (TRPML1) is a regulatory factor of autophagy, but the underlying mechanisms of TRPML1-mediated autophagy in AFB1 intestine toxicity remain elucidated. In the present study, AFB1 (0, 5, 10 μg/mL) was shown to reduce cell viability, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis rate.

MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata.

Background: We found microRNA (miR)-1246 to be significantly differentially expressed between severe active alopecia areata (AA) patients and healthy individuals.

Objective: To explore the role and mechanism of miR-1246 in severe AA.

Methods: Expression of miR-1246, dual-specific tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1c (NFATc1) in peripheral CD4 T cells and in scalp tissues of patients were detected using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays.

Luteolin Attenuates APEC-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signal Axis in the Ileum of Chicks.

Avian pathogenic (APEC) is typically the cause of avian colibacillosis, which can result in oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal damage (APEC) Luteolin, in the form of glycosylation flavone, has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, its effects on APEC-induced intestinal oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation in chicks remains poorly understood. After hatching, one-day-old chicks were stochastically assigned to four groups: a control group (basic diet), an group (basic diet) and L10 and L20 groups (with a dry matter of luteolin diet 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively), with fifteen chicks in each group and one repeat per group.

Identification of a novel porcine Teschovirus 2 strain as causative agent of encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets with high mortality in China.

Background: Porcine Teschovirus (PTV), also named Teschovirus A, is prevalent in pig populations, mainly causing neurological symptoms, diarrhea, pneumonia, and reproductive failure, however the morbidity and mortality are usually low in pig farms.

Case Presentation: In this study, we reported a PTV outbreak investigation in one large-scale pig farm in China with severe symptoms including diarrhea, lethargy, locomotor ataxia, nystagmus, paralysis of the hind limbs, and coma in piglets. More importantly, the mortality reached 38% in suckling pigs, which is remarkably high in PTV history.

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C on the liver of laying hens under chronic heat stress.

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of vitamin C on chronic heat stress (CHS)-induced liver oxidative damage and inflammation in laying hens. The thermoneutral control group (TN group) was kept at a constant temperature of 22 ± 1°C, while the chronic heat stress group (CHS group) and the vitamin C supplemented group (HSV group) were exposed to heat stress (HS) (36 ± 1°C, 8 h/d). The TN and HS groups were fed the basic diet at will, and the HSV group was supplemented with 300 mg/kg of vitamin C on top of the basic diet.

Detection of skin thickness and density in healthy Chinese people by using high-frequency ultrasound.

Objectives: Due to a recent development of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) systems, it is easier to realize high-resolution in vivo imaging of the biological tissues. The object of this study was to map the thickness and echo density of skin layers in healthy Chinese people and assess the influence of gender, age, and region on it.

Methods: A total of 189 volunteers (85 male, 104 female) with age range of 22-75-year old (mean age of 41.

Randomized trial of microneedling combined with 2% minoxidil topical solution for the treatment of female pattern hair loss in a Chinese population.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2% minoxidil combined with microneedling in the treatment of female pattern hair loss.

Methods: Forty female patients with female pattern hair loss were randomly divided into two groups with 20 patients each. The control group was treated with 2% minoxidil.

Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Mediates Kidney Injury in Chickens the TLR7/NF-κB Signaling Axis.

Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) is one of the most important viral pathogens in the world poultry industry. Here, we used RT-qPCR, WB and immunofluorescence to explore the interaction between NIBV and the host innate immune system of the kidney. Multiple virions were found in the kidney tissues of the disease group under electron microscopy, and pathological changes such as structural damage of renal tubules and bleeding were observed by HE staining.

Molybdenum and cadmium co-exposure induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by Th1 polarization in Shaoxing duck (Anas platyrhyncha) spleens.

Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are deleterious to animals, but immunotoxicity co-induced by Mo and Cd remains unclear. To ascertain the confederate impacts of Mo and Cd on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis by Helper T (Th) cells 1 polarization in the spleen of ducks, we randomly allocated forty 8-day-old Shaoxing ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) into 4 groups and reared them with having different doses of Mo and/or Cd basic diet. At the 16th week of the experiment, serum and spleen tissues were extracted.

Molybdenum and Cadmium Co-induce Pyroptosis via Inhibiting Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense Response in the Brain of Ducks.

Excess molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are harmful to animals, but the neurotoxic mechanism co-induced by Mo and Cd is unclear. To estimate the effects of Mo and Cd co-exposure on pyroptosis by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant defense response in duck brains, 40 healthy 7-day-old ducks were randomly assigned to 4 groups and fed diet supplemented with Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks, respectively. Results showed that Mo or/and Cd markedly increased Mo and Cd contents; decreased iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) contents, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content; and decreased total-antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities accompanied by pathological damage in brain.

Cadmium and molybdenum co-induce pyroptosis and apoptosis the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in the livers of Shaoxing ducks ().

Cadmium (Cd) and excessive molybdenum (Mo) have adverse impacts on animals. However, the hepatotoxicity co-induced by Cd and Mo in ducks has not been fully elucidated. In order to explore the impacts of Cd and Mo co-exposure on pyroptosis and apoptosis by the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in the livers of ducks, 40 healthy 7-day-old Shaoxing ducks () were randomly assigned into 4 groups, and Cd or/and Mo were added to the basic diet per kilogram (kg): control group (0 mg Mo and 0 mg Cd), Mo group (100 mg Mo), Cd group (4 mg Cd), and Mo + Cd group (100 mg Mo and 4 mg Cd), with 16 weeks feed management.

Nrf2 axis and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated autophagy activation is involved in molybdenum and cadmium co-induced hepatotoxicity in ducks.

Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) have toxic effects on animals. However, hepatotoxicity co-induced by Mo and Cd in ducks is still unclear. To evaluate the effects of Cd and Mo co-exposure on autophagy by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant defense and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in duck livers, 40 healthy 7-day-old ducks were randomly assigned to 4 groups and fed diets containing different doses of Mo and/or Cd for 16 weeks, respectively.

Involvement of calcium homeostasis and unfolded protein response in autophagy co-induced by molybdenum and cadmium in duck (Anas platyrhyncha) brain.

Excess molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are harmful to animals, but neurotoxicity caused by Mo and Cd co-exposure in ducks is yet unknown. To assess joint impacts of Mo and Cd on autophagy via calcium homeostasis and unfolded protein response (UPR) in duck brain, 40 healthy 7-day-old ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) were assigned to 4 groups at random and fed diets supplemented with different doses of Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks, respectively. Brain tissues were excised for experiment.

In vivo assessment of molybdenum and cadmium co-induce nephrotoxicity via causing calcium homeostasis disorder and autophagy in ducks (Anas platyrhyncha).

Excess molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are widespread environmental and industrial metal pollutants. To evaluate the combined effects of Mo and Cd on calcium homeostasis and autophagy in duck kidneys. 160 healthy 7-day-old ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) were randomized into 4 groups and given to a basic diet, adding various doses of Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks.

Antiviral Activities of Carbazole Derivatives against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteric coronavirus, causes neonatal pig acute gastrointestinal infection with a characterization of severe diarrhea, vomiting, high morbidity, and high mortality, resulting in tremendous damages to the swine industry. Neither specific antiviral drugs nor effective vaccines are available, posing a high priority to screen antiviral drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate anti-PEDV effects of carbazole alkaloid derivatives.

Molybdenum and cadmium co-induce hypothalamus toxicity in ducks via disturbing Nrf2-mediated defense response and triggering mitophagy.

Growing evidences reveal that Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and mitophagy are involved in the toxic mechanism of heavy metals, but the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) co-exposure on Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and mitophagy in duck hypothalamus have yet to be elucidated. Herein, 40 healthy 7-day-old ducks were randomly assigned to 4 groups and fed diets containing different doses of Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks, respectively. The data demonstrated that Mo or/and Cd notably elevated their contents in hypothalamus, decreased Cu, Fe, Zn and Se contents, caused pathological damage and oxidative stress accompanied by elevating MDA content and reducing CAT, T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px activities.

Baicalin ameliorates APEC-induced intestinal injury in chicks by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis. Baicalin (BA) possesses multiple pharmacological effects, but the mechanism underlying its activity in APEC-induced intestinal injury remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of BA against APEC-induced intestinal injury.

Investigation of the Crosstalk between GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 Signaling Pathway and Renal Apoptosis Induced by Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection.

This study aims to explore the crosstalk between GRP78/PERK/ATF-4 signaling pathway and renal apoptosis induced by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV). Hy-Line brown chickens were divided into two groups (Con,  = 100 and Dis,  = 200). At 28 days of age, each chicken in the Dis group was intranasally injected with SX9 strain (10/0.

New insights into crosstalk between pyroptosis and autophagy co-induced by molybdenum and cadmium in duck renal tubular epithelial cells.

Pyroptosis and autophagy are two different biological processes that determine cell fates. Our previous studies revealed that pyroptosis and autophagy were involved in cytotoxicity co-induced by molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) in duck renal tubular epithelial cells, but crosstalk between them is unclear. Hence, the cells were treated with 500.

In vivo assessment of molybdenum and cadmium co-induce nephrotoxicity via NLRP3/Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in ducks.

Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) cause toxic effects on animals, but their joint effects on pyroptosis in kidney of ducks remain unclear. 160 healthy 7-day-old ducks were randomly divided into four groups which were fed with basal diet containing different dosages of Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks. On the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks, kidney tissue and serum were collected.