Modeling and Performance Analysis of Uplink Laser Transmission Across Sea Surfaces: A Channel Characterization Study.

Variable marine environmental conditions, particularly at the sea surface, present considerable challenges to cross-media laser transmission. This study simulates uplink laser transmission through a seawater-sea surface-air channel via ray tracing and Monte Carlo methods, with an emphasis on the impacts of the sea surface channel. A spatial model of the sea surface is introduced, which uses a wave spectrum and fast Fourier transform technology, and the results are compared against those of a classical statistical model.