Long-term Impact of Carotid Endarterectomy on Choroidal and Choriocapillaris Perfusion: The INFLATE Study.

Purpose: When performed for clinically significant carotid artery stenosis (CAS), the long-term impact of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on choroidal and choriocapillaris (CC) circulation was studied using swept-source OCT angiography.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Participants: Patients with clinically significant CAS undergoing unilateral CEA.

Volumetric imaging of trabecular meshwork dynamic motion using 600 kHz swept source optical coherence tomography.

The motion of the trabecular meshwork (TM) facilitates the aqueous drainage from the anterior chamber to the venous system, thereby maintaining normal intraocular pressure. As such, characterizing the TM motion is valuable for assessing the functionality of the aqueous outflow system, as demonstrated by previous phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies. Current methods typically acquire motion from a single cross-sectional plane along the circumference of the anterior chamber.

Comparison between Spectral-domain and Swept-source OCT Angiography Scans for the Measurement of Hyperreflective Foci in Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Spectral-domain OCT angiography (SD-OCTA) scans were used in an algorithm developed for swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) scans to determine if SD-OCTA scans yielded similar results for the measurement of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD).

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Forty eyes from 35 patients with iAMD.

The DERMIS Study: Methodologies, Results, and Implications for the Future.

Ongoing innovation in diabetes technologies has led to the development of advanced tools such as automated insulin delivery (AID) systems that adjust insulin delivery in response to current and predicted glucose levels, residual insulin action, and other inputs (eg, meal and exercise announcements). However, infusion sets continue to be the "Achilles heel" of accurate and precise insulin delivery and continued device use. A recent study by Kalus et al (DERMIS Study) revealed higher vessel density and signals of inflammation by optical coherence tomography (OCT), in addition to increased inflammation, fat necrosis, fibrosis, and eosinophilic infiltration by histopathology.

Semiautomated measures of foveal immaturity from handheld swept-source optical coherence tomography are associated with retinopathy of prematurity severity.

Background/aims: Handheld swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was previously used to measure foveal maturity through semiautomated methods in awake premature infants. This study assesses the relationship between foveal maturity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) severity.

Methods: This is a prospective, observational study using handheld SS-OCT imaging of premature infants undergoing ROP screening.

Synthesis of 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl)pyrazoles/pyrazolines [3 + 2] cycloaddition of di/trifluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides and trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes.

An efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl hydrazonoyl bromides with trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes was investigated to produce a variety of 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl)pyrazoles/pyrazolines in moderate to good yields. This protocol features obvious advantages such as easily available and stable substrates, step economy, gram-scalability and simple operation, providing a novel and practical method for the preparation of 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl)pyrazoles/pyrazolines.

Novel mixotrophic denitrification biofilter for efficient nitrate removal using dual electron donors of polycaprolactone and thiosulfate.

A novel mixotrophic denitrification biofilter for nitrate removal using polycaprolactone and thiosulfate (MD-PT) as electron donors was investigated. MD-PT achieved high nitrate removal efficiency of approximately 99.8 %.

Minimize flow-induced uncertainty in polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging using eigen decomposition.

Blood flow alters the scattering behavior of penetration light, causing instability in the polarization state to emerge at the underlying tissue during polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT). We propose an eigen decomposition method to meet this challenge, where the static and dynamic scattering signals are separated for PSOCT to provide the polarization measurements of the tissue of interest that is located beneath the blood flow. Using flow phantoms made by Intralipid solution and 3D-printed birefringent material, we show the flow-induced effects on the measurements of sample birefringent properties of optical axis, phase retardation, and degree of polarization uniformity.

Diameter-dependent classification of dermal vasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Background: Dermal blood vessels beneath the epidermis play critical roles in epidermal homeostasis and are functionally divided into several types, such as capillaries. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a powerful tool for the non-invasive assessment of dermal vasculature. However, the classification of vessel types has been limited.

Investigation of the Effect of Compression Pressure in Contact OCT Imaging on the Measurement of Epidermis Thickness.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive 3D imaging technique that offers significant advantages over traditional microscopy and biopsy in measuring epidermal thickness (ET) when assessing skin conditions. However, OCT imagining is often required to be in a contact mode for mitigating the issues of subject movement and uneven skin topology. It is not known whether the contact would affect the ability of ET measurements.

Longitudinal SS-OCT choroidal imaging following thrombosis of the superior ophthalmic vein.

Purpose: To report longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness and the choroidal vasculature using SS-OCT imaging in a patient with superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis (SOVT).

Observations: In a 93-year-old woman with a left-sided SOVT, the choroid in the left eye was thickened and the choroidal vessels were dilated both superiorly and inferiorly, with greater changes evident in the inferotemporal region of the choroid. After the superior ophthalmic vein was decompressed, a decrease in the choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel dilatation was observed both superiorly and inferiorly.

iStent insertion orientation and impact on trabecular meshwork motion resolved by optical coherence tomography imaging.

Significance: The iStent is a popular device designed for glaucoma treatment, functioning by creating an artificial fluid pathway in the trabecular meshwork (TM) to drain aqueous humor. The assessment of iStent implantation surgery is clinically important. However, current tools offer limited information.

High-speed, long-range and wide-field OCT for in vivo 3D imaging of the oral cavity achieved by a 600 kHz swept source laser.

We report a high-speed, long-range, and wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system aimed for imaging microstructures and microcirculations in the oral cavity. This system operates at a scan speed of 600 kHz, delivering a wide imaging field of view at 42 × 42 mm and a ranging distance of 36 mm. To simultaneously meet the requirements of high speed and long range, it is necessary for the k-clock trigger signal to be generated at its maximum speed, which may induce non-linear phase response in electronic devices due to the excessive k-clock frequency bandwidth, leading to phase errors.

The Total Macular Burden of Hyperreflective Foci and the Onset of Persistent Choroidal Hypertransmission Defects in Intermediate AMD.

Purpose: The association between the total macular burden of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in eyes with intermediate AMD (iAMD) and the onset of persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs) was studied using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Design: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a prospective study.

Methods: A retrospective review of iAMD eyes from subjects enrolled in a prospective SS-OCT study was performed.

Correction: Díaz-Aljaro et al. Quantitative Microvascular Change Analysis Using a Semi-Automated Algorithm in Macula-on Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Assessed by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. 2024, , 750.

In the original publication [...

Calcified Drusen Prevent the Detection of Underlying Choriocapillaris Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), choriocapillaris flow deficits (CCFDs) under soft drusen can be measured using established compensation strategies. This study investigated whether CCFDs can be quantified under calcified drusen (CaD).

Methods: CCFDs were measured in normal eyes (n = 30) and AMD eyes with soft drusen (n = 30) or CaD (n = 30).

A Clinician's Guide to Sharing Data for AI in Ophthalmology.

Data is the cornerstone of using AI models, because their performance directly depends on the diversity, quantity, and quality of the data used for training. Using AI presents unique potential, particularly in medical applications that involve rich data such as ophthalmology, encompassing a variety of imaging methods, medical records, and eye-tracking data. However, sharing medical data comes with challenges because of regulatory issues and privacy concerns.