Publications by authors named "Ruijun Chen"
Article Synopsis
- Mnemonics enhance memory and can qualitatively change how we think and perceive consciousness, particularly through a special type called autobiographical mnemonics (AM), which relates personal experiences to spatial, temporal, and semantic dimensions.
- The paper introduces a new spatial-temporal mnemonic that shifts AM from a naturalist approach to an artificial one, aiming to help individuals understand the abstract flow of time in relation to geography, which can spark creativity.
- By visually representing this time-space relationship, the intellect can better reflect on and internalize experiences, ultimately facilitating creative thinking and laying the groundwork for future empirical research.
Article Synopsis
- * The design features a chemically inert bismuth electrode and an aluminum oxide/parylene thin-film encapsulation to minimize halide loss and gas release.
- * Results show that these encapsulated solar cells retain 90% efficiency after 5200 hours at 45°C and 93% efficiency after 1000 hours at 75°C, demonstrating significant stability under stress conditions.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) along with motor relearning procedures (MRP) on improving motor function and reducing limb spasticity in stroke patients.
- Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to either a combined treatment group receiving both rTMS and MRP or a control group receiving only MRP, with various assessment scales used to measure outcomes.
- Results showed that the combined treatment group had significantly improved motor function and lower spasticity levels compared to the control group, indicating that rTMS with MRP is more effective than MRP alone for rehabilitating stroke patients.
Article Synopsis
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to impaired mitophagy, and ginsenoside Rg1 from Ginseng shows promise in counteracting AD pathology.
- In experiments using both cells and 5XFAD mice, Rg1 was found to restore mitophagy and improve memory deficits by activating the PINK1-Parkin pathway.
- The study concludes that Rg1 may provide neuroprotective effects by enhancing mitophagy and reducing β-amyloid deposits in the hippocampus of AD mice.
Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on anchorage alveolar bone meta-analysis.
Acta Odontol Scand
October 2023
Purpose: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a routine method for correcting transverse maxillary deficiency. This paper investigated the effect of RME on anchorage alveolar bone and examined the differences between micro-implant-assisted RME and conventional RME.
Methods: Relevant articles were selected from the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases.
Introduction And Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. Recent studies have shown that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in AD, and modulation of these miRNAs can influence the development of tau and Aβ pathology. The brain-specific miRNA miR-128, encoded by MIR128-1 and MIR128-2, is important for brain development and dysregulated in AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Several large trials have employed age or clinical features to select patients for atrial fibrillation (AF) screening to reduce strokes. We hypothesized that a machine learning (ML) model trained to predict AF risk from 12‑lead electrocardiogram (ECG) would be more efficient than criteria based on clinical variables in indicating a population for AF screening to potentially prevent AF-related stroke.
Methods: We retrospectively included all patients with clinical encounters in Geisinger without a prior history of AF.
Article Synopsis
- - Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, particularly in colon cancer patients receiving the chemotherapy drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), leading to poor outcomes.
- - Recent research highlights the role of long non-coding RNAs, specifically PVT1, in contributing to this drug resistance by regulating other molecules in resistant cancer cells.
- - Experiments show that reducing PVT1 levels in 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells enhances their sensitivity to the drug, suggesting that targeting PVT1 could be a potential strategy to overcome drug resistance in colon cancer therapy.
Article Synopsis
- The study addresses the gap in understanding cardiovascular risks related to various type 2 diabetes medications, focusing on both new and older treatments over the past decade.
- The LEGEND-T2DM initiative involves large-scale, real-world comparative studies of four major second-line diabetes treatments, utilizing global data from the OHDSI community, which encompasses over 240 million patients.
- By comparing cardiovascular and safety outcomes among these medications, the study aims to produce reliable data on their effects while maintaining strict ethical standards for data safety and analysis.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on improving the diagnosis of structural heart diseases through a new ECG-based machine learning model that predicts various conditions, potentially increasing patient outcomes.
- By analyzing 2.2 million ECGs linked to health records, researchers tested their model on seven echocardiography-confirmed diseases, ultimately achieving a high predictive accuracy (0.91 AUC) with a 42% positive predictive value.
- The composite model outperformed individual disease predictions and showed consistent results across different datasets, emphasizing the effectiveness of incorporating diverse patient data for better heart disease detection.
Article Synopsis
- * In a cohort of 1,019 SARS-CoV-2 positive adults in New York City, the majority showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, with a mortality rate of 23.7% during the study period.
- * While overall mortality did not differ significantly based on race or socioeconomic status, Black and Asian patients had higher odds of needing renal replacement therapy (RRT) during hospitalization for COVID-19.
Data Consult Service: Can we use observational data to address immediate clinical needs?
J Am Med Inform Assoc
September 2021
Article Synopsis
- The article discusses a pilot project called the Data Consult Service launched by Columbia University to produce real-time clinical evidence using observational data, which addresses challenges and biases in traditional methods.
- The project collected 29 questions from clinicians and successfully provided answers for 24 of them, while highlighting issues such as missing data and underreported conditions as major challenges encountered.
- The conclusions emphasize the potential of the service to aid decision-making, but also point out the need for improved patient phenotyping, study design, and proven practices to ensure the reliability of the evidence produced.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess the long-term health outcomes of COVID-19 patients at a NYC medical center, focusing on healthcare usage, symptoms, and patient well-being at 3 and 6 months post-hospitalization.
- Out of 1190 initial patients, 929 survived, with many experiencing persistent symptoms like dyspnoea and other health issues during follow-up visits dominated by telehealth.
- The findings revealed significant ongoing health challenges for survivors, particularly those with severe cases, who reported reduced mobility and independence after 6 months.
Article Synopsis
- Phenotyping algorithms are key for clinical research using observational data, with manual algorithms like those from the eMERGE Network being the gold standard but labor-intensive to create.
- The authors propose a new framework that leverages the structure of eMERGE phenotype concept sets to streamline the development of novel phenotype definitions.
- By analyzing pairwise relationships in a concept graph and training models to predict connections, the framework helps identify candidate phenotype sets, which can then be used to construct new definitions efficiently.
Article Synopsis
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Background: Patients with dementia are vulnerable during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet few studies describe their hospital course and outcomes.
Objective: To describe and compare the hospital course for COVID-19 patients with dementia to an aging cohort without dementia in a large New York City academic medical center.
Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study describing all consecutive patients age 65 or older with confirmed COVID-19 who presented to the emergency department or were hospitalized at New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center between March 6 and April 7, 2020.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aims to create and test predictive models to help forecast severe outcomes (like need for mechanical ventilation, renal therapy, and hospital readmission) for COVID-19 patients, thereby aiding in hospital resource management.
- - Using data from 2,256 patients, the researchers developed three classes of models, achieving promising predictive accuracy, with area under the curve values ranging from 0.743 to 0.871 for different outcomes in a separate validation set of 855 patients.
- - The models demonstrated good calibration and used clinically relevant features, showing their potential in providing reliable prognosis for health facilities dealing with resource constraints during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone that is regulated by the circadian clock and plays multifunctional roles in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia and is associated with the degradation of axons and synapses resulting in memory loss and cognitive impairment. Despite extensive research, there is still no effective cure or specific treatment to prevent the progression of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study aims to address the challenge of measuring documentation burden linked to electronic health records (EHRs), which contributes to clinician burnout, by conducting a scoping review to identify various measurement approaches.
- Out of 3,482 articles reviewed, only 35 met the study criteria, revealing 15 different measurement characteristics and a lack of consensus on methods to assess the impact of EHRs on clinicians and patients.
- The findings highlight a significant need for further research to standardize measurements of documentation burden and explore effective practices for assessment, as current methods are inconsistent and often lack rigor.
Article Synopsis
- * Meta-analysis of 11 studies showed a pooled MBI prevalence rate of 33.5%, with higher prevalence in MCI (45.5%) compared to cognitively normal subjects (17.0%) and those with subjective cognitive impairment (35.8%).
- * The research highlights MBI's significant role in cognitive decline and its links to Alzheimer’s disease pathology and genetics, suggesting that understanding MBI is crucial for future clinical trials and interventions.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examined the relationship between risk communication, anxiety, and preventive behaviors during the early phase of COVID-19, involving 846 adults in high- and low-risk areas from January 26 to February 17, 2020.
- - Findings showed that higher perceived quality of risk communication helped reduce anxiety and emotional contagion, leading to increased adoption of preventive measures.
- - It was noted that individuals in high-risk areas, especially frontline responders, were more affected by risk communication, highlighting the need for effective messaging during health crises.