Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve depressive symptoms in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Depression is a prevalent issue among older adults, affecting their quality of life and overall well-being. Exercise is an effective means of relieving depressive symptoms in older adults, but the optimal dose for different exercise types remains unclear. As such, the aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the dose-response relationship between overall and specific types of exercise with depression symptoms in older adults.

SCN-MLTPP: A Multi-Label Classifier for Predicting Therapeutic Properties of Peptides Using the Stacked Capsule Network.

Identifying the function of therapeutic peptides is an important issue in the development of novel drugs. To reduce the time and labor costs required to identify therapeutic peptides, computational methods are increasingly required. However, most of the existing peptide therapeutic function prediction models are used for predicting a single therapeutic function, ignoring the fact that a bioactive peptide might simultaneously consist of multi-activities.

Secretory Cells Are the Primary Source of pIgR in Small Airways.

Loss of secretory IgA (SIgA) is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) small airways and likely contributes to disease progression. We hypothesized that loss of SIgA results from reduced expression of pIgR (polymeric immunoglobulin receptor), a chaperone protein needed for SIgA transcytosis, in the COPD small airway epithelium. pIgR-expressing cells were defined and quantified at single-cell resolution in human airways using RNA hybridization, immunostaining, and single-cell RNA sequencing.

Characterization of Immunopathology and Small Airway Remodeling in Constrictive Bronchiolitis.

Constrictive bronchiolitis (ConB) is a relatively rare and understudied form of lung disease whose underlying immunopathology remains incompletely defined. Our objectives were to quantify specific pathological features that differentiate ConB from other diseases that affect the small airways and to investigate the underlying immune and inflammatory phenotype present in ConB. We performed a comparative histomorphometric analysis of small airways in lung biopsy samples collected from 50 soldiers with postdeployment ConB, 8 patients with sporadic ConB, 55 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 25 nondiseased control subjects.

Postdeployment Respiratory Syndrome in Soldiers With Chronic Exertional Dyspnea.

After deployment to Southwest Asia, some soldiers develop persistent respiratory symptoms, including exercise intolerance and exertional dyspnea. We identified 50 soldiers with a history of deployment to Southwest Asia who presented with unexplained dyspnea and underwent an unrevealing clinical evaluation followed by surgical lung biopsy. Lung tissue specimens from 17 age-matched, nonsmoking subjects were used as controls.

Small airway determinants of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Although a variety of pathological changes have been described in small airways of patients with COPD, the critical anatomic features determining airflow limitation remain incompletely characterised.

Methods: We examined lung tissue specimens from 18 non-smokers without chronic lung disease and 55 former smokers with COPD for pathological features of small airways that could contribute to airflow limitation. Morphometric evaluation was performed for epithelial and subepithelial tissue thickness, collagen and elastin content, luminal mucus and radial alveolar attachments.

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells link localized secretory IgA deficiency to adaptive immune activation in COPD.

Although activation of adaptive immunity is a common pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly during later stages of the disease, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In small airways of COPD patients, we found that localized disruption of the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)-containing mucosal immunobarrier correlated with lymphocyte accumulation in airway walls and development of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) around small airways. In SIgA-deficient mice, we observed bacterial invasion into the airway epithelial barrier with lymphocytic infiltration and TLS formation, which correlated with the progression of COPD-like pathology with advanced age.

Bacterial-derived Neutrophilic Inflammation Drives Lung Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Loss of secretory IgA is common in the small airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Using mice that lack secretory IgA in the airways due to genetic deficiency of polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR mice), we investigated the role of neutrophils in driving the fibrotic small airway wall remodeling and emphysema that develops spontaneously in these mice. By flow cytometry, we found an increase in the percentage of neutrophils among CD45 cells in the lungs, as well as an increase in total neutrophils, in pIgR mice compared with wild-type controls.

Secretory IgA Deficiency in Individual Small Airways Is Associated with Persistent Inflammation and Remodeling.

Rationale: Maintenance of a surface immune barrier is important for homeostasis in organs with mucosal surfaces that interface with the external environment; however, the role of the mucosal immune system in chronic lung diseases is incompletely understood.

Objectives: We examined the relationship between secretory IgA (SIgA) on the mucosal surface of small airways and parameters of inflammation and airway wall remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: We studied 1,104 small airways (<2 mm in diameter) from 50 former smokers with COPD and 39 control subjects.

Airway bacteria drive a progressive COPD-like phenotype in mice with polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency.

Mechanisms driving persistent airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are incompletely understood. As secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) deficiency in small airways has been reported in COPD patients, we hypothesized that immunobarrier dysfunction resulting from reduced SIgA contributes to chronic airway inflammation and disease progression. Here we show that polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-deficient (pIgR(-/-)) mice, which lack SIgA, spontaneously develop COPD-like pathology as they age.

Secretory IgA from submucosal glands does not compensate for its airway surface deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) reaches the airway lumen by local transcytosis across airway epithelial cells or with tracheobronchial submucosal gland secretions. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), deficiency of SIgA on the airway surface has been reported. However, reduction of SIgA levels in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid has not been consistently observed.

Higher levels of c-Met expression and phosphorylation identify cell lines with increased sensitivity to AMG-458, a novel selective c-Met inhibitor with radiosensitizing effects.

Purpose: c-Met is overexpressed in some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and tissues. Cell lines with higher levels of c-Met expression and phosphorylation depend on this receptor for survival. We studied the effects of AMG-458 on 2 NSCLC cell lines.

Safety of sapropterin dihydrochloride (6r-bh4) in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

The authors investigated the safety of oral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for nitric oxide synthesis, as a novel treatment for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Eighteen patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or inoperable chronic thromboembolic PH received sapropterin dihydrochloride (6R-BH4), the optically active form of BH4, in addition to treatment with sildenafil and/or endothelin receptor antagonists in an open-label, dose-escalation study. 6R-BH4 was administered starting at a dose of 2.

Discovery of an operon that participates in agmatine metabolism and regulates biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of arginine and a number of bacteria have devoted enzymatic pathways for its metabolism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbours the aguBA operon that metabolizes agmatine to putrescine, which can be subsequently converted into other polyamines or shunted into the TCA cycle for energy production. We discovered an alternate agmatine operon in the P.