Efficacy comparison of aerobic exercise, combined exercise, oropharyngeal exercise and respiratory muscle training for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has become a global health concern. Aerobic exercise (AE), combined exercise (CE), respiratory muscle training (RMT), and oropharyngeal exercise (OE) can improve OSA to some extent.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these four interventions in patients with OSA through a more comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Administration of olaquindox impairs spermatogenesis and sperm quality by increasing oxidative stress and early apoptosis in mice.

Olaquindox (OLA), a potent antibacterial agent, has been widely used as a feed additive and growth promoter in animal husbandry. Our previous study has shown that OLA administration in female mice could markedly cause sub-fertility. Here we established the model in male mice to investigate the toxic effects of OLA on mammalian spermatozoa quality and fetal development.