Elevated serum lead and cadmium levels associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia in children aged 6 to 9 years in Shenzhen, China.

Exposure to heavy metals can influence on metabolism, but studies have not fully evaluated young children. We investigated the association between levels of serum lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) and risk of dyslipidemia in children. A total of 4513 children aged 6 to 9 years at 19 primary schools in Shenzhen were enrolled.

Effect of Exposure to Paternal Smoking on Overweight and Obesity in Children: Findings from the Children Lifeway Cohort in Shenzhen, Southern China.

Introduction: Paternal smoking associated with childhood overweight and obesity has been a concern, but studies have not investigated smoking exposure and smoking details. We investigated the association of exposures from paternal smoking as well as smoking details on offspring overweight/obesity.

Methods: A total of 4,513 children (aged 7-8 years) in Shenzhen were enrolled.

Breakfast preferences and consumption location among children at a median age of 7 in Shenzhen: Implications for managing overweight and obesity.

Background: Breakfast is commonly described as the most important meal of the day; however, we have little information regarding its relevance for childhood overweight and obesity in southern mainland China. This study aimed to assess the association between breakfast preferences, consumption location and overweight and obesity for children in Shenzhen.

Methods: Among 6126 children (median age 7.

Optimal number of beams for stereotactic body radiotherapy of lung and liver lesions.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal number of coplanar and noncoplanar external beams in the setting of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Methods And Materials: Spherical targets were delineated within 2 separate extracranial sites, the lung and liver, with diameters varying from 2 cm to 7 cm to cover the range of volumes used in SBRT. Treatment plans were created for all target volumes using 5 to 15 geometrically optimized coplanar and noncoplanar conformal beams.

Geometrically based optimization for extracranial radiosurgery.

For static beam conformal intracranial radiosurgery, geometry of the beam arrangement dominates overall dose distribution. Maximizing beam separation in three dimensions decreases beam overlap, thus maximizing dose conformality and gradient outside of the target volume. Webb proposed arrangements of isotropically convergent beams that could be used as the starting point for a radiotherapy optimization process.