A slow-release strategy of to enhance the degradation of cellulose by in the ensiling process of corn stalk.

The enhancement of cellulose degradation is important for improving the quality of corn-stalk silage. However, the rapid drop in pH caused by the propagation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can influence the degradation of cellulose by cellulose-degrading microorganisms (CDMs) during the mixed fermentation process of ensilage. In this study, a CDM ( 2-4, BM 2-4) was isolated, and its lyophilization condition was studied.

Ultrafast microwave synthesis of MoSSe@ graphene composites via dual anion design for long-cyclable Li-S batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been increasingly recognized as a promising candidate for the next-generation energy-storage systems. This is primarily because LSBs demonstrate an unparalleled theoretical capacity and energy density far exceeding conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, the sluggish redox kinetics and formidable dissolution of polysulfides lead to poor sulfur utilization, serious polarization issues, and cyclic instability.

Complexation with Metal Ions Affects Chlorination Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter: Structural Reactomics of Emerging Disinfection Byproducts.

Metal ions are liable to form metal-dissolved organic matter [dissolved organic matter (DOM)] complexes, changing the chemistry and chlorine reactivity of DOM. Herein, the impacts of iron and zinc ions (Fe and Zn) on the formation of unknown chlorinated disinfection byproducts (Cl-DBPs) were investigated in a chlorination system. Fe preferentially complexed with hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, while Zn favored the amine functional groups in DOM.

The microplastics distribution characteristics and their impact on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in food legumes farmland in northern China.

Microplastics (MPs) pose a threat to farmland soil quality and crop safety. MPs exist widely in food legumes farmland soil due to the extensive use of agricultural film and organic fertilizer, but their distribution characteristics and their impact on soil environment have not been reported. The abundance and characteristics of MPs, soil physical and chemical properties, and bacterial community composition were investigated in 76 soil samples from five provinces in northern China.

Effects of disturbance modes and carbon sources on the physiological traits and nutrient removal performance of microalgae (S. obliquus) for treating low C/N ratio wastewater.

Wastewater treatment with microalgae is an ecologically sustainable process. In this study, the growth characteristics, nutrient removal, and spectral changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in microalgae bioreactors were investigated for treating low C/N ratio wastewater under different disturbance modes (agitation and aeration) and carbon sources (sucrose and humic acid). The results showed that the biomass and chlorophyll-a contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in the aeration condition (725.

Usefulness of analyzing endoscopic features in identifying the colorectal serrated sessile lesions with and without dysplasia.

Background: Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) are often missed on colonoscopy, and studies have shown this to be an essential cause of interstitial colorectal cancer. The SSLs with dysplasia (SSL-D), in particular, have a faster rate of carcinogenesis than conventional tubular adenomas. Therefore, there is a clinical need for some endoscopic features with independent diagnostic value for SSL-Ds to assist endoscopists in making immediate diagnoses, thus improving the quality of endoscopic examination and treatment.

CeO nanorods supported CuO-RuO bimetallic catalysts for low temperature CO oxidation.

Bimetallic catalysts often outperform monometallic catalysts due to changeable structural orientation, synergistic effects, and integration of two different metal or metal oxide properties. Here, a series of CeO nanorods (NR) supported bimetallic CuO and RuO catalysts (Cu: Ru ratios of 9:1, 7:3, and 5:5) were prepared using a wet impregnation method. In situ DRIFTS, H temperature programmed reduction (H-TPR), CO temperature programmed desorption (CO-TPD), and other characterization techniques were used to investigate the effect of the Cu:Ru ratio on the activity of low-temperature CO oxidation.

Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane over CeO Nanorod-Supported NiO Catalysts in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor.

Nonthermal plasma (NTP)-assisted catalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM) is considered a powerful single-stage reaction mechanism because of its ability to activate normally stable CO and CH at a low temperature under ambient conditions. The thermodynamic barrier of DRM requires a high operating temperature (>700 °C), which can be reduced by nonequilibrium plasma. Herein, we present a method for the wet-impregnation synthesis of CeO nanorod (NR)-supported 5 and 15 wt % NiO catalysts for efficient NTP-promoted DRM with an applied power in the range of 24.

Study on semi-bionic extraction of Astragalus polysaccharide and its anti-aging activity .

() is a homologous plant with high medicinal and edible value. Therefore, the extraction methods of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) have attracted the attention of many research groups, but the yield of the active components is still not high. The aim of this study was to extract APS by a semi-bionic extraction method, optimize the extraction process, and evaluate the anti-aging activities of APS .

Real-time nondemolition measurement method for alkali vapor density and its application in a spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometer.

This study presents a novel method for measuring the number density of K in K-Rb hybrid vapor cells using circularly polarized pump light on polarized alkali metal atoms. This proposed method eliminates the need for additional devices such as absorption spectroscopy, Faraday rotation, or resistance temperature detector technology. The modeling process involved considering wall loss, scattering loss, atomic absorption loss, and atomic saturation absorption, with experiments designed to identify the relevant parameters.

Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Involved in Abiotic Stress and ABA Response in .

The WRKY transcription factor family plays a vital role in plant development and environmental response. However, the information of genes at the genome-wide level is rarely reported in . In this study, we identified and renamed 86 genes, which were further classified into three groups through phylogenetic analysis.

regeneration and -mediated genetic transformation of .

is a deciduous shrub with large eco-economic value and strong tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, the shortage of reliable genetic transformation technology severely hinders its research on stress tolerance mechanisms and stress-resistant gene mining and application. In this study, the embryonic tip of the seedling was used as the initiating explant to get regenerated plant through the direct organogenesis pathway, which significantly shortened the culture cycle and set the foundation for investigation of -mediated genetic transformation.

Current progress on the endoscopic features of colorectal sessile serrated lesions.

Along with the discovery and refinement of serrated pathways, the World Health Organization amended the classification of digestive system tumors in 2019, recommending the renaming of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps to sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). Given the particularity of the endoscopic appearance of SSLs, it could easily be overlooked and missed in colonoscopy screening, which is crucial for the occurrence of interval colorectal cancer. Existing literature has found that adequate bowel preparation, reasonable withdrawal time, and awareness of colorectal SSLs have improved the quality and accuracy of detection.

Role of Soil and Foliar-Applied Carbon Dots in Plant Iron Biofortification and Cadmium Mitigation by Triggering Opposite Iron Signaling in Roots.

In China, iron (Fe) availability is low in most soils but cadmium (Cd) generally exceeds regulatory soil pollution limits. Thus, biofortification of Fe along with mitigation of Cd in edible plant parts is important for human nutrition and health. Carbon dots (CDs) are considered as potential nanomaterials for agricultural applications.

Optimal Spin Polarization Control for the Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free System Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming.

This work is the first to solve the 3-D spin polarization control (3DSPC) problem of atomic ensembles, which controls the spin polarization to achieve arbitrary states with the cooperation of multiphysics fields. First, a novel adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) structure is proposed based on the developed multicritic multiaction neural network (MCMANN) structure with nonquadratic performance functions, as a way to solve the multiplayer nonzero-sum game (MP-NZSG) problem in 3DSPC under the constraints of asymmetric saturation inputs. Then, we utilize the MCMANNs to implement the multicritic multiaction ADP (MCMA-ADP) algorithm, whose convergence is proven by the compression mapping principle.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors based on zinc sulfide/graphene hybrid for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Unlabelled: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and fatal disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In general, the diagnostic tests for COVID-19 are based on the detection of nucleic acid, antibodies, and protein. Among different analytes, the gold standard of the COVID-19 test is the viral nucleic acid detection performed by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method.

Adsorption-catalysis design with cerium oxide nanorods supported nickel-cobalt-oxide with multifunctional reaction interfaces for anchoring polysulfides and accelerating redox reactions in lithium sulfur battery.

The charge and discharge working mechanisms in lithium sulfur batteries contain multi-step complex reactions involving two-electron transfer and multiple phase transformations. The dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfides cause a huge loss of active material and fast capacity decay, preventing the practical use of lithium sulfur batteries. Herein, CeO nanorods supported bimetallic nickel cobalt oxide (NiCoO) was investigated as a cathode host material for lithium sulfur batteries, which can provide adsorption-catalysis dual synergy to restrain the shuttle of polysulfides and stimulate rapid redox reaction for the conversion of polysulfides.

Ultrafast microwave synthesis of MoTe@graphene composites accelerating polysulfide conversion and promoting LiS nucleation for high-performance Li-S batteries.

In this report, MoTe nanosheets were grown on highly conductive graphene support through a simple and ultrafast microwave-assisted chemical coupling and heating method to develop hybrid sulfur host materials for Li-S batteries. MoTe nanosheets with superb electrocatalytic activity combined with highly conductive graphene form a nano reservoir for containing elemental sulfur, intermediate polysulfide species, discharge product LiS, and accelerating the electron transfer. Accordingly, the Li-S battery with the MoTe@graphene@carbon cloth electrode exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1246 mAh g at 0.

Analysis of Pollution Characteristics and Sources in Surface Water in Typical Crop-Producing Areas of Qinghai Province.

Currently used pesticides and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed in surface water from 26 sampling sites of agricultural areas in Qinghai Province to elucidate their pollution characteristics and sources. The results showed that most of these currently used pesticides, with the exception of chlorpyrifos, were generally not detected. However, two OCPs were commonly detected in surface water from four typical crop-producing areas.

Formation of halogenated macromolecular organics induced by Br and I during plasma oxidation/chlorination of DOM: Highlighting competitive mechanisms.

Understanding the effects of halogens on the production of macromolecular disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is critical for drinking water safety. The effects of Br and I on the chemical diversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during plasma preoxidation and the subsequent formation of macromolecular halogenated DBPs after chlorination were deciphered. Plasma preoxidation changed DOM diversity from aromatic component-oriented to lignin and tannin component-oriented, resulting in 62.

Formation of emerging disinfection byproducts from agricultural biomass-derived DOM: Overlooked health risk source.

Carbon-derived dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are inevitably released to surface water during returning agricultural biomass carbon to farmland, which are potential precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, CDOM was extracted from aerobic incineration ("OX") and anoxic pyrolysis ("PY") of three kinds of straw (wheat, corn, and rice), and the emerging DBPs from them were deciphered. The CDOM with molecular weight < 1 kDa in the OX and PY groups accounted for 53-87%, and it was higher in the PY group.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular changes accompanying heavy-grazing-induced dwarfing of .

Heavy grazing significantly reduces growth. To enhance our understanding of plant responses to heavy grazing, we conducted transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic analyses of the leaves of non-grazed plants (NG) and heavy-grazing-induced dwarf plants (HG) of . A total of 101 metabolites, 167 proteins, and 1,268 genes differed in abundance between the HG and NG groups.