Few-Human-Interaction Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Transbronchial Intervention.

The transbronchial interventional surgery presents challenges with winding and convoluted pathways, prone to compression and friction. Current autonomous planning struggles to reach deeper bronchial positions, and hard to consider multiple conflicting goals simultaneously. This article introduces an innovative planning scheme with preference weights to achieve smooth, frictionless, and collision-free autonomous transbronchial intervention with continuum robot (CR).

Effects of lower limb length discrepancy on spinopelvic compensation following total hip arthroplasty in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Background: Limited research has examined the impact of lower limb length discrepancy (LLLD) alteration on spinopelvic compensation in individuals with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). This study aimed to investigate the effects of LLLD on spinopelvic compensation following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and elucidate the complex biomechanical adaptations in the spinopelvic structures.

Methods: A retrospective review of DDH patients undergoing THA from January 2014 to December 2021 categorized individuals with Crowe type I and II into the low dislocation group (LDG, n = 94) and those with Crowe type III and IV into the high dislocation group (HDG, n = 43).

Learning-Based Discontinuous Path Following Control for a Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle.

This paper addresses a learning-based discontinuous path following control scheme for a biomimetic underwater vehicle (BUV) driven by undulatory fins. Despite the flexibility of the BUV motion, it faces the challenge of dealing with discontinuous paths affected by irregular seafloor topography and underwater vegetation. Therefore, BUV must employ path switching strategy to navigate to the next safe area.

Patient-Derived Spheroid Culture Models Are Better Than Monolayer Models in Chondrosarcoma Research.

Purpose: Chondrosarcoma (CSA) are mesenchymal tissue-derived bone tumors. CSA mainly occurs in older people. CSA has demonstrated resistance to chemotherapy and radiation; complete surgical removal with negative margins is the only treatment option.

An injectable nanocomposite hydrogel prevents postoperative tumor recurrence and wound infection via synergistic photothermal-chemo-therapy.

Hypothesis: Tumor recurrence, bacterial infection, and wound healing remain significant clinical challenges after skin-tumor resection. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a multifunctional nanocomposite platform containing nanoparticles (NPs) with the photothermal agent IR820 and bioactive drug curcumin (Cur) would be able to prevent tumor recurrence, limit bacterial wound infections, and promote wound healing.

Experiments: In this study, we developed a near-infrared light-activated nanocomposite hydrogel system (Hydrogel/Cur@IR820) by incorporating self-assembled NPs (Cur@IR820) in solutions containing Pluronic F127 modified with aldehyde groups (F127-CHO) and polyethyleneimine-grafted F127 (F127-PEI).

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Interventions for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Problem Identification: Systematic reviews in adults with cancer have shown the benefits of combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CE) interventions on physical and psychological fitness. However, data on the efficacy of CE interventions for children and adolescents are limited and discordant.

Literature Search: The PubMed®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure electronic databases were searched from inception to April 19, 2022.

Effects of Physical Exercise Interventions for Individuals With Gynecologic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Problem Identification: Data on the efficacy of physical exercise interventions for individuals with gynecologic cancer are limited and discordant. The purpose of this review was to determine the benefits of exercise interventions in this population.

Literature Search: The PubMed®, Web of Science, Embase® (Ovid), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for studies published from January 1, 2010, to November 9, 2022.

Effects of Preoperative High-Intensity Interval Training Combined With Team Empowerment Education in Lung Cancer Patients With Surgery: A Quasi-experimental Trial.

Background: Cancer itself and surgery put a heavy burden on lung cancer patients, physiologically and psychologically. Enhancing self-efficacy during high-intensity interval training is essential for achieving the full benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer patients.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training combined with team empowerment education on patients with lung resection.

Comparison of risk of complication between neuraxial anaesthesia and general anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Controversy remains over the choice of anaesthetic technique for patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture.

Aim: The aim was to compare the risk of complication of neuraxial anaesthesia with that of general anaesthesia in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Methods: This systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022337384).

Fabrication of a New Hyaluronic Acid/Gelatin Nanocomposite Hydrogel Coating on Titanium-Based Implants for Treating Biofilm Infection and Excessive Inflammatory Response.

Persistent inflammation caused by implant-associated biofilm infections has emerged as a significant clinical issue. While many methods have been developed to give implants great anti-biofilm benefits, the post-inflammatory microenvironment is frequently disregarded. Oxidative stress (OS) due to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered to be one of the specific physiological signals of the inflammation microenvironment.

Acetabular Diameter Assessment and Three-Dimensional Simulation for Acetabular Reconstruction in Dysplastic Hips.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between acetabular width, three-dimensional (3D) simulation, and surgical results in total hip arthroplasty patients who have developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: This retrospective study included 216 DDH cases. Inner and outer acetabular width (OAW) was measured at the plane passing through the center of acetabular fossa.

Clinical Indicators of Effects of Yoga Breathing Exercises on Patients With Lung Cancer After Surgical Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cancer itself and surgery pose a heavy burden on adults with lung cancer. Yoga breathing exercises have been proposed as a form of pulmonary rehabilitation exercises to improve these patients' perioperative outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the impact of yoga breathing exercises based on a problem-solving model on dyspnea, exercise capacity, anxiety, depression, and postoperative indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube and compliance in adults with lung cancer undergoing surgery.

Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Retrospective Case-Control Study Matched Patients without Rheumatic Diseases.

Background: The number of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) who require total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is expected to increase, and there are few studies describing their outcomes. This research was focused on the evaluation of a TKA cohort in pSS patients and to compare outcomes with those of matched individuals from the general population. Methods: From 2004 to 2020, we found 36 TKAs in 30 patients with pSS from the single-institution arthroplasty registry, and they were matched for age, gender, bilateral or unilateral surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and year of surgery with 72 TKAs in 60 osteoarthritis patients without rheumatic diseases (1:2 ratio).

Computer Navigation Assisted Restricted Kinematic Alignment Improves Short-Term Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Ambispective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Mechanical alignment (MA)-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been challenged due to the excessive soft tissue release and the evidence of the clinical outcomes of computer assisted navigation is still limited. The aim of this ambispective cohort study was to: (i) investigate whether computer assisted navigation is capable to achieve restricted kinematic alignment (rKA)-TKA; and (ii) compare the short-term outcomes between rKA-TKA and MA-TKA.

Methods: We retrospectively included 41 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis who received MA-TKA between April 2019 and January 2021 and 43 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis who received rKA-TKA were included in the prospective cohort from January 2021 to September 2021.

Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal Type 1, A Potential Biomarker for the Early Detection, Targeting, and Prediction of Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: We aimed to characterize serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 () as a gene signature for the early diagnosis, molecular targeting, and prediction of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: The transcriptomics, proteomics, and phenotypic analyses were performed separately or in combination.

Results: We obtained the following findings on .

Primary Sjögren's syndrome is not associated with poor outcomes after total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective case-control study with a matched cohort of osteoarthritis patients.

Introduction: The number of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) requiring total hip arthroplasty (THA) is expected to increase, but few studies have detailed their outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a THA cohort of patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) who had PSS and to compare their outcomes with those of matched patients with osteoarthritis.

Method: A case-control study using data from a single-institution arthroplasty registry was performed.

Auricular Acupressure for Improving Sleep Quality in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of auricular acupressure on sleep quality in patients with lung cancer. Nine articles with a total of 802 patients were retrieved after searching on 11 electronic databases. Results of the meta-analysis showed that auricular acupressure improved sleep score (standard mean difference: -0.

Effects of home-based telehealth on the physical condition and psychological status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of home-based telehealth compared with usual care on six-minute walking distance (6MWD), health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials through a systematic multidatabase search. Titles and abstracts were assessed for relevance.

Validation of CT-Based Three-Dimensional Preoperative Planning in Comparison with Acetate Templating for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Objective: This study aims to compare the accuracy of CT-based preoperative planning with that of acetate templating in predicting implant size, neck length, and neck cut length, and to evaluate the reproducibility of the two methods.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted between August 2020 and March 2021. Patients who underwent elective primary total hip arthroplasty by a single surgeon were assessed for eligibility.

Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Preoperative Planning System for Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Accurate preoperative planning is essential for successful total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the requirements of time, manpower, and complex workflow for accurate planning have limited its application. This study aims to develop a comprehensive artificial intelligent preoperative planning system for THA (AIHIP) and validate its accuracy in clinical performance.

Active Cycle of Breathing Technique: A Respiratory Modality to Improve Perioperative Outcomes in Patients With Lung Cancer.

Background: Cancer and surgery put a physiologic and psychological burden on patients with lung cancer. The active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) has been considered as an effective airway clearance method for patients with lung diseases. Its effectiveness on perioperative outcomes in patients with lung cancer warrants study.

Multimodal Exercise Program: A Pilot Randomized Trial for Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Surgical Treatment.

Background: Curative lung resection is the best option for patients with stage I-III lung cancer, and the best exercise intervention in these patients has not been determined.

Objectives: This pilot study explored whether a short-term pre- and postsurgery multimodal exercise program affected dyspnea, exercise capacity, inspiratory capacity, anxiety, and depression.

Methods: A total of 101 patients were randomly allocated into the combined intervention group (n = 34), the breathing exercise group (n = 32), or the control group (n = 35).

Outcomes of local thoracic surgery in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer: A SEER-based analysis.

Background: The outcomes of thoracic surgery for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are controversial and uncertain.

Patients And Methods: The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results was queried for patients with stage IV NSCLC, including those treated with surgery-participated therapy modalities. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using a variety of statistical analyses.