Biological Characteristics of the Cytochrome P 450 Family and the Mechanism of Terpinolene Metabolism in (Acari: Ixodidae).

The CYP450 enzyme is a superfamily enzyme ubiquitously found in nearly all organisms, playing a vital role in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous compounds, and in biosynthesis. Unfortunately, an understanding of its classification, functions, expression characteristics, and other biological traits in , a vector for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, as well as of the genes implicated in its natural product metabolism, is lacking. Towards this end, this study has identified 120 CYP450 genes via transcriptome data in the face of a joint genome threat from terpinolene.

Taming heat with tiny pressure.

Heat is almost everywhere. Unlike electricity, which can be easily manipulated, the current ability to control heat is still highly limited owing to spontaneous thermal dissipation imposed by the second law of thermodynamics. Optical illumination and pressure have been used to switch endothermic/exothermic responses of materials via phase transitions; however, these strategies are less cost-effective and unscalable.

The Difference in Diversity between Endophytic Microorganisms in White and Grey .

The is usually infected by the obligate parasitic fungus to form an edible fleshy stem which is an aquatic vegetable called Jiaobai in China. The infection by the teliospore (T) strain of induces forming gray fleshy stems, while the mycelia-teliospore (MT) strain of induces white fleshy stems which are more suitable for edibility than gray fleshy stems. The mechanism of this phenomenon is still largely unknown.

Diploid mycelia of fails to maintain sustainable proliferation in host plant.

Smut fungi display a uniform life cycle including two phases: a saprophytic phase and a parasitic phase in host plants. Several apathogenic smut fungi are found, lacking suitable hosts in their habitat. Interestingly, MT-type was found to maintain a parasitic life, lacking the saprophytic phase.

Antifungal therapy: Novel drug delivery strategies driven by new targets.

In patients with compromised immunity, invasive fungal infections represent a significant cause of mortality. Given the limited availability and drawbacks of existing first-line antifungal drugs, there is a growing interest in exploring novel targets that could facilitate the development of new antifungal agents or enhance the effectiveness of conventional ones. While previous studies have extensively summarized new antifungal targets inherent in fungi for drug development purposes, the exploration of potential targets for novel antifungal drug delivery strategies has received less attention.

Alkaline Ni-Zn Microbattery Based on 3D Hierarchical Porous Ni Microcathode with High-Rate Performance.

Miniaturized energy storage devices with superior performance and compatibility with facile fabrication are highly desired in smart microelectronics. Typical fabrication techniques are generally based on powder printing or active material deposition, which restrict the reaction rate due to the limited optimization of electron transport. Herein, we proposed a new strategy for the construction of high-rate Ni-Zn microbatteries based on a 3D hierarchical porous nickel (Ni) microcathode.

Thermal batteries based on inverse barocaloric effects.

To harvest and reuse low-temperature waste heat, we propose and realize an emergent concept-barocaloric thermal batteries based on the large inverse barocaloric effect of ammonium thiocyanate (NHSCN). Thermal charging is initialized upon pressurization through an order-to-disorder phase transition, and the discharging of 43 J g takes place at depressurization, which is 11 times more than the input mechanical energy. The thermodynamic equilibrium nature of the pressure-restrained heat-carrying phase guarantees stable long-duration storage.

Optimization mechanism and applications of ultrafast laser machining towards highly designable 3D micro/nano structuring.

Three-dimensional (3D) micro/nano structures are significant in many applications because of their novel multi-functions and potential in high integration. As is known, the traditional methods for the processing of 3D micro/nano structures exhibit disadvantages in mass production and machining precision. Alternatively, ultrafast laser machining, as a rapid and high-power-density processing method, exhibits advantages in 3D micro/nano structuring due to its characteristics of extremely high peak power and ultra-short pulse.

First Report of Leaf Sheath Disease, Caused by , on in China.

, which belongs to the tribe , has been widely grown over thousands of years as an aquatic vegetable in China. In the autumn of 2019, the disease harmful to the leaf sheaths of was found in Jinhua City and Lishui City, Zhejiang Province. The disease caused brown oval-shaped spots (3~5 cm long, 0.

Low-Cost In Vivo Full-Range Optical Coherence Tomography Using a Voice Coil Motor.

In this work, we demonstrated a novel and low-cost full-range optical coherence tomography (FROCT) method. In comparison with the off-pivot approach, which needs precise control of the deflecting distance and should be adjusted for different situations, our proposed method is more flexible without regulating the system itself. Different from the previous systems reported in the literature, which used a high-cost piezo-driven stage to introduce the phase modulation, our system utilizes a cost-effective voice coil motor for retrieving the complex-valued spectral signal.

Prevalence and pathology of Cephalopina titillator infestation in Camelus bactrianus from Xinjiang, China.

Background: In camels, nasopharyngeal myiasis is caused by the larvae of Cephalopina titillator, which parasitize the tissues of nasal and paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. C. titillator infestation adversely affects the health of camels and decreases milk and meat production and even death.

Two-Step Converging Spherical Wave Diffracted at a Circular Aperture of Digital In-Line Holography.

The aspheric light emitted from a pinhole restrains the reconstruction quality of a digital in-line hologram. Herein, the Fresnel-diffracted spot from the first step converging spherical wave diffracted at a rough circular aperture is collimated and expanded to generate an even plane wave, which is converged again by an objective lens and matching a minimum aperture while the central spot is varying from light to dark. We observed that the collected background hologram is filled with a round spot with high contrast as an ideal spherical wave.

A Mycorrhizal Bacteria Strain Isolated From Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity.

The microbes in the rhizosphere (or mycorrhizosphere) could promote plant growth, however, it is unclear whether mycorrhizosphere microbes could fight multiple fungal pathogens. In this study, twenty-one bacterial strains distributed in 6 genera, including 5 strains, were isolated from mycorrhizal samples of that rely on other fungi during their life cycles. Further screening and pot experiments showed that the strain ZL8 not only inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, but also promoted the growth of through inhibiting its wilting.

Ultrasensitive barocaloric material for room-temperature solid-state refrigeration.

One of the greatest obstacles to the real application of solid-state refrigeration is the huge driving fields. Here, we report a giant barocaloric effect in inorganic NHI with reversible entropy changes of [Formula: see text] ∼71 J K kg around room temperature, associated with a structural phase transition. The phase transition temperature, T, varies dramatically with pressure at a rate of dT/dP ∼0.

Recombinant cysteine proteinase as anti-tick targeting Hyalomma asiaticum infestation.

Cysteine proteases are involved in the digestion of host blood and the degradation of yolk proteins of arthropod ectoparasites. In this study, a cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase gene (HasCPL) of Hyalomma asiaticum was cloned, and recombinant (r)HasCPL protein was generated for immunization study. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed HasCPL was a member of the papain family (clan CA) and have high sequence identities with CPLs of other Ixodid ticks.

Prediction and validation of cross-protective candidate antigen of Hyalomma asiaticum cathepsin L between H. asiaticum and H. anatolicum.

Hyalomma asiaticum and H. anatolicum are tick species in Eurasia and Africa with major medical and veterinary significance. Beside their direct pathogenic effects, H.

Recombinant interferon-gamma promotes immunoglobulin G and cytokine memory responses to cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase of Hyalomma asiaticum and the efficacy of anti-tick.

Among bloodsucking arthropods, hard tick is a vector of transmitting the most diverse human and animal pathogens, leading to an increasing number of manifestations worldwide. The development of the anti-tick vaccine has the potential to be an environmentally friendly and cost-effective option for tick management. We have previously demonstrated the induction of both humoral and cellular response against Hyalomma asiaticum (H.

De novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of the Dermacentor marginatus genes differentially expressed after blood-feeding and long-term starvation.

Background: The ixodid tick Dermacentor marginatus is a vector of many pathogens wide spread in Eurasia. Studies of gene sequence on many tick species have greatly increased the information on tick protective antigen which might have the potential to function as effective vaccine candidates or drug targets for eco-friendly acaricide development. In the current study, RNA-seq was applied to identify D.

Sequence identification and expression profile of seven Dermacentor marginatus glutathione S-transferase genes.

Dermacentor marginatus is a widespread tick species and a vector of many pathogens in Eurasia. Due to the medical importance of D. marginatus, control measures are needed for this tick species.

MaxEnt Modeling of Dermacentor marginatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Distribution in Xinjiang, China.

Dermacentor marginatus Sulkzer is a common tick species found in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of China, and is a vector for a variety of pathogens. To determine the potential distribution of this tick species in Xinjiang, a metadata containing 84 D. marginatus presence records combined with four localities from field collection were used for MaxEnt modeling to predict potential distribution of this tick species.

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody Against EMA-1 and Development of Rapid Serological Detection Method for Theileria equi Infection, Xinjiang, China.

The erythrocytic-stage surface protein equi merozoite antigen 1 (EMA-1) of Theileria equi is a major candidate for the development of a diagnostic antigen for equine piroplasmosis. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant EMA-1 to prepare monoclonal antibody (mAb) against T. equi EMA-1, and 1 mAb 5H2 was obtained that showed good reaction with infected red blood cells (RBC) in the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA).

Caracterization of glutathione S-transferase of Dermacantor marginatus and effect of the recombinant antigen as a potential anti-tick vaccine.

Dermacentor marginatus is one of the main tick species in northwestern China, and is a vector of various tick-borne pathogens. Tick control method largely depends on chemical agents, but the disadvantages of using such approach would cause environmental damage and the risk of developing tick resistance to acaricides. Vaccination of tick protective antigen is an eco-friendly approach which is an alternative and promising method to mitigate tick infestation in livestock.

[Study on polysaccharide content and monosaccharide composition of Polyporus umbellatus from different production areas].

In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Polyporus umbellatus resources and study the monosaccharide composition of P. umbellatus polysaccharides,the anthrone-sulfuric acid method was applied to compare polysaccharide content of P. umbellatus from 17 producing areas.

Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against Bc48 and development of a rapid detection assay for infection with Babesia caballi in China.

Babesia caballi (Nuttal, 1910) is one of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis which causes economic losses to horse industry in China. There is an urgent need for rapid detection method for B. caballi infection in Xinjiang Province, China.

Molecular investigation of tick-borne infections in cattle from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Tick-borne diseases cause significant losses to livestock production in tropical and subtropical regions. However, information about the tick-borne infections in cattle in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), northwestern China, is scarce. In this study, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and gene sequencing were used to detect and analyze epidemiological features of Babesia bovis, B.