Chromosome-level genome provides new insight into the overwintering process of Korla pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu).

Korla pear has a unique taste and aroma and is a breeding parent of numerous pear varieties. It is susceptible to Valsa mali var. pyri, which invades bark wounded by freezing injury.

How photosynthetic performance impacts agricultural productivity in hybrid cotton offspring.

Currently, heterosis is an effective method for achieving high crop quality and yield worldwide. Owing to the challenges of breeding and the high cost of the F1 generation, the F2 generation is considered the more desirable hybrid offspring for agricultural production. The use of OJIP fluorescence provides rapid insights into various photosynthetic mechanisms.

Detoxification and underlying mechanisms towards toxic alkaloids by Traditional Chinese Medicine processing: A comprehensive review.

Background: Alkaloids have attracted enduring interest worldwide due to their remarkable therapeutic effects, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, thus offering a rich source for lead compound design and new drug discovery. However, some of these alkaloids possess intrinsic toxicity. Processing (Paozhi) is a pre-treatment step before the application of herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, which has been employed for centuries to mitigate the toxicity of alkaloid-rich TCMs.

Alterations in the fecal microbiota of methamphetamine users with bad sleep quality during abstinence.

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) abuse has resulted in a plethora of social issues. Sleep disturbance is a prominent issue about MA addiction, which serve as a risk factor for relapse, and the gut microbiota could play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disturbances. Therefore, improving sleep quality can be beneficial for treating methamphetamine addiction, and interventions addressing the gut microbiota may represent a promising approach.

Analysis of endophytic bacterial diversity in seeds of different genotypes of cotton and the suppression of Verticillium wilt pathogen infection by a synthetic microbial community.

Background: In agricultural production, fungal diseases significantly impact the yield and quality of cotton (Gossypium spp.) with Verticillium wilt posing a particularly severe threat.

Results: This study is focused on investigating the effectiveness of endophytic microbial communities present in the seeds of disease-resistant cotton genotypes in the control of cotton Verticillium wilt.

Associations between impulsivity and fecal microbiota in individuals abstaining from methamphetamine.

Introduction: Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a major public problem, and impulsivity is both a prominent risk factor and a consequence of addiction. Hence, clarifying the biological mechanism of impulsivity may facilitate the understanding of addiction to MA. The microbiota-gut-brain axis was suggested to underlie a biological mechanism of impulsivity induced by MA.

Use of Raman spectroscopy to study rat lung tissues for distinguishing asphyxia from sudden cardiac death.

Determining asphyxia as the cause of death is crucial but is based on an exclusive strategy because it lacks sensitive and specific morphological characteristics in forensic practice. In some cases where the deceased has underlying heart disease, differentiation between asphyxia and sudden cardiac death (SCD) as the primary cause of death can be challenging. Herein, Raman spectroscopy was employed to detect pulmonary biochemical differences to discriminate asphyxia from SCD in rat models.

Vertical transfer and functional characterization of cotton seed core microbiome.

Introduction: Microbiome within plant tissues is pivotal for co-evolution with host plants. This microbiome can colonize the plant, with potential transmission via seeds between parents and offspring, affecting seedling growth and host plant adaptability to the environment.

Methods: We employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis to investigate the vertical distribution of core microbiome in cotton seeds across ecological niches [rhizosphere, root, stem, leaf, seed and seed-P (parental seed)] of the three cotton genotypes.

The gut microbiota as a potential biomarker for methamphetamine use disorder: evidence from two independent datasets.

Background: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) poses a considerable public health threat, and its identification remains challenging due to the subjective nature of the current diagnostic system that relies on self-reported symptoms. Recent studies have suggested that MUD patients may have gut dysbiosis and that gut microbes may be involved in the pathological process of MUD. We aimed to examine gut dysbiosis among MUD patients and generate a machine-learning model utilizing gut microbiota features to facilitate the identification of MUD patients.

Enrichment and ecological risks of microplastics in mangroves of southern Hainan Island, China.

Mangroves have recently been identified as one of the most threatened ecosystems by microplastics (MPs) pollution from terrestrial and marine sources, while little is known regarding the MPs enrichment, influencing factors and associated ecological risks in mangroves. The present investigation aims to evaluate the accumulation, characteristics, and ecological risks of MPs in various environmental matrices from three mangroves of southern Hainan Island during dry and wet seasons. The results revealed the prevalence of MPs pollution in the surface seawater and sediment from all studied mangroves during two seasons, where the highest MPs abundance was observed at Sanyahe mangrove.

Tissue accumulation of polystyrene microplastics causes oxidative stress, hepatopancreatic injury and metabolome alterations in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Microplastics (MPs) pose one of the major environmental threats to marine organisms and ecosystems on a global scale. Although many marine crustaceans are highly susceptible to MPs pollution, the toxicological effects and mechanisms of MPs on crustaceans are poorly understood. The current study focused on the impacts of MPs accumulation in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at the behavioral, histological and biochemical levels.

Dissecting the microbial community structure of internal organs during the early postmortem period in a murine corpse model.

Background: Microorganisms distribute and proliferate both inside and outside the body, which are the main mediators of decomposition after death. However, limited information is available on the postmortem microbiota changes of extraintestinal body sites in the early decomposition stage of mammalian corpses.

Results: This study investigated microbial composition variations among different organs and the relationship between microbial communities and time since death over 1 day of decomposition in male C57BL/6 J mice by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Distinguishing Asphyxia from Sudden Cardiac Death as the Cause of Death from the Lung Tissues of Rats and Humans Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

The ability to determine asphyxia as a cause of death is important in forensic practice and helps us to judge whether a case is criminal. However, in some cases where the deceased has underlying heart disease, death by asphyxia cannot be determined by traditional autopsy and morphological observation under a microscope because there are no specific morphological features for either asphyxia or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Here, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to distinguish asphyxia from SCD.

Accurate identification of traumatic lung injury (TLI) by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.

Traumatic lung injury (TLI), which is a common mechanical injury, is receiving increasing attention because of its serious hazards. In forensic practices, accurately identifying TLI is of great importance for investigations and case trials. The main goal of this research was to identify TLI utilizing attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics.

An Emerging Strategy for Muscle Evanescent Trauma Discrimination by Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

Trauma is one of the most common conditions in the biomedical field. It is important to identify it quickly and accurately. However, when evanescent trauma occurs, it presents a great challenge to professionals.

Saussurea involucrata PIP2;4 improves growth and drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum by increasing stomatal density and sensitivity.

Aquaporins, the major facilitators of water transport across membranes, are involved in growth and development and adaptation to drought stress in plants. In this study, a plasma membrane intrinsic protein (SiPIP2;4) was cloned from Saussurea involucrata, a cold-tolerant hardy herb. The expression of SiPIP2;4 increased the stomatal density and sensitivity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), thus, affecting the plant's growth and resistance to the diverse water environment.

Kingella pumchi sp. nov., an organism isolated from human vertebral puncture tissue.

A Gram-negative, non-motile rod and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as 18B16333, was isolated from vertebral puncture tissue of a patient at Peking union medical college hospital in China. Growth occurred in NaCl concentrations of 0-1% (w/v) (optimum growth at 0% NaCl), at temperatures of 25-40 °C (optimum growth at 37 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.

Efficient removal of Cr(VI) by a 3D Z-scheme TiO-ZnCdS graphene aerogel via synergy of adsorption and photocatalysis under visible light.

Efficient and robust photocatalysts for environmental pollutants removal with outstanding stability have great significance. Herein, we report a kind of three dimensional (3D) photocatalyst presented as Z-scheme heterojunction, which combining TiO and ZnCdS with graphene aerogel to contrast TiO-ZnCdS graphene aerogel (TSGA, x=0.5) through a moderate hydrothermal process.

Synthesis and in vitro synergistic antifungal activity of analogues of Panax stipulcanatus saponin against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans.

Oleanolic acid 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and oleanolic acid 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), novel Panax stipulcanatus saponin analogues, were synthesized for the first time starting from commercially available oleanolic acid, d-glucose, and L-(+)-arabinose. Glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates as donors and two-step consecutive glycosylation reactions are crucial in the synthesis. In vitro antifungal activity results indicated that analogue 2 combined with fluconazole showed synergistic antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans, with MIC values 31.

Improved hydrogen production from pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater in an anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor.

A novel anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor (AMSR) was employed to investigate the feasibility and performance of continuous hydrogen production for the treatment of pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater (PIW) at different organic loading rates (OLR) (from 12 to 96 g COD L d) according to changes in the hydraulic retention time (HRT). A reactor without maifanite was also employed as a control. The results indicate that maifanite accelerates granular sludge formation and the AMSR presents more efficient and stable performance than the control in terms of the hydrogen production rate.

Species identification of teeth of human and non-human.

Species identification is very important in forensic science case. However, the existing methods in forensic practice to identifying the species of bone and teeth are not objective, accurate or brief enough. We have reported the classification of bone species by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and chemometric methods.

Ectopic Expression of the Gene in Cotton Improves Drought Tolerance and Yield Under Drought Stress in the Field.

In some plants, sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) is the first irreversible key enzyme in fructan biosynthesis. Studies have shown that fructan accumulation enhances abiotic stress tolerance of plants. To investigate the role of in drought stress responses, a total of 37 cotton plants expressing a gene from were developed by -mediated transformation.

sp. nov., isolated from corridor air.

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, occurring singly or in pairs, designated TB2019, was isolated from environmental monitoring samples of corridor air collected at the Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, Tianjin Province (PR China). The isolate was able to grow at 15-40 °C (optimum growth at 37 °C), pH 6.0-8.

Analysis of Postmortem Intestinal Microbiota Successional Patterns with Application in Postmortem Interval Estimation.

Microorganisms play a vital role in the decomposition of vertebrate remains in natural nutrient cycling, and the postmortem microbial succession patterns during decomposition remain unclear. The present study used hierarchical clustering based on Manhattan distances to analyze the similarities and differences among postmortem intestinal microbial succession patterns based on microbial 16S rDNA sequences in a mouse decomposition model. Based on the similarity, seven different classes of succession patterns were obtained.

The Novel Interplay between Commensal Gut Bacteria and Metabolites in Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats Treated with Simvastatin.

Hyperlipidemia is one kind of metabolic syndrome for which the treatment commonly includes simvastatin (SV). Individuals vary widely in statin responses, and growing evidence implicates gut microbiome involvement in this variability. However, the associated molecular mechanisms between metabolic improvement and microbiota composition following SV treatment are still not fully understood.