Ketogenic diet combined with intermittent fasting: an option for type 2 diabetes remission?

With increasing attention to diabetes remission, various special dietary patterns have been found to be effective in achieving diabetes remission. The effect of a single dietary pattern on lowering blood glucose is clear, but studies on the synergistic effects of different dietary patterns are limited. This article describes the types of intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets, potential mechanisms, contraindications of combination diets, recommendations for combination diets, and their health outcomes.

Exploring the novel SNPs in neuroticism and birth weight based on GWAS datasets.

Objectives: Epidemiological studies have confirmed that low birth weight (BW) is related to neuroticism and they may have a common genetic mechanism based on phenotypic correlation research. We conducted our study on a European population with 159,208 neuroticism and 289,142 birth weight samples. In this study, we aimed to identify new neuroticism single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and pleiotropic SNPs associated with neuroticism and BW and to provide more theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of the disease.

A convenient paper-based fluorescent aptasensor for high-throughput detection of Pb in multiple real samples (water-soil-food).

Lead ion (Pb) is one of the most toxic and widely polluted heavy metal ions. Given the potential health risks and economic losses associated with Pb, the rapid detection of Pb using fluorescent aptasensors is of significant importance in evaluating food safety. A rapid, facile and economic fluorescent aptasensor using convenient paper as the sensing substrate was designed to high-throughput detect Pb in complex samples within about 45 min.

Gut microbiota accelerates obesity in peri-/post-menopausal women via Bacteroides fragilis and acetic acid.

Objective: Many animal experiments and epidemiological studies have shown that the gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in the development of obesity, but the specific biological mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of disease remain unknown. We aimed to examine the relationships and functional mechanisms of GM on obesity in peri- and post-menopausal women.

Methods: We recruited 499 Chinese peri- and post-menopausal women and performed comprehensive analyses of the gut microbiome, targeted metabolomics for short-chain fatty acids in serum, and host whole-genome sequencing by various association analysis methods.

A fluorescent aptasensor for Pb detection based on gold nanoflowers and RecJf exonuclease-induced signal amplification.

A fluorescent aptasensor was constructed to detect lead ion (Pb). Complementary DNA with sulfhydryl group (SH-cDNA) were loaded on gold nanoflowers materials (Au NFs) through Au-S bonds. Then, based on complementary base pairing between FAM modified Pb aptamer (FAM-Apt) and Au NFs/SH-cDNA system, an Au NFs/SH-cDNA/FAM-Apt aptasensor was constructed.

A low-noise ratiometric fluorescence biosensor for detection of Pb based on DNAzyme and exonuclease III-assisted cascade signal amplification.

As a common heavy metal ion with strong toxicity and wide distribution, lead ions (Pb) had great harm to the human body. In this work, a low-noise ratiometric fluorescence biosensor was developed based on Pb-dependent DNAzyme and exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted cascade signal amplification. Firstly, the substrate chain of DNAzyme (S-DNA) was modified on the surface of magnetic beads (MBs) through the combination of biotin and streptavidin, and then the enzyme chain of DNAzyme (E-DNA) was connected to the MBs by forming a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with S-DNA.

Identification of novel functional CpG-SNPs associated with Type 2 diabetes and birth weight.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of genetic loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and birth weight (BW); however, a large proportion of the total trait heritability remains unexplained. The previous studies were generally focused on individual traits and largely failed to identify the majority of the variants that play key functional roles in the etiology of the disease. Here, we aim to identify novel functional loci for T2D, BW and the pleiotropic variants shared between them by performing a targeted conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) analysis that integrates two independent GWASs with summary statistics for T2D ( = 26,676 cases and 132,532 controls) and BW ( = 153,781) which entails greater statistical power than individual trait analyses.

Prognostic value of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:: The pretreatment prognostic nutritional index has been considered a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but this remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with NSCLC.

Methods:: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI.

Lack of coordination between partners: investigation of Physician-Preferred and Patient-Preferred (4P) basal insulin titration algorithms in the real world.

Background: Patient-centered care is respectful to a patient's preference. All prior clinical trials on patient self-titration algorithms for basal insulin were decided by physicians. We hypothesized that patients and physicians have different preferences.

Plasma glucose to glycated hemoglobin ratio: Method of differentiating fulminant type 1 diabetes from diabetic ketoacidosis.

Objectives: In fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (fT1DM), plasma glucose (PG) levels are strongly increased, unlike glycated hemoglobin (HbA) levels, resulting in a sharply increased PG/HbA ratio. We investigated the PG/HbA ratio in fT1DM and tested the accuracy of cutoff points to easily and efficiently differentiate fT1DM from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Methods: We report 41 cases of fT1DM in which PG/HbA ratio was studied as a novel clinical parameter to predict fT1DM.

Clinical study of pregnancy-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes.

Background: Studies reported that fulminant type 1 diabetes (fT1DM) can occurred during pregnancy or within 2 weeks after delivery, and was defined as pregnancy-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes (PF). In PF patients, plasma glucose (PG) levels have an abrupt rise while glycated hemoglobin (HbA) levels are not markedly elevated, resulting in a sharply increased PG/HbA ratio.

Methods: We studied 30 PF patients, 21 non-pregnant fulminant type 1 diabetes (NPF) patients, and 26 female patients of child-bearing age (13-49 years) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), all from China.

Whole-genome sequencing identification of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain carrying bla from Guangdong, China.

A carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (sequence type 34 [ST34]) strain was isolated from a fecal specimen from a child with acute diarrhea. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the 84.5-kb IncFII plasmid pST41-NDM carrying the NDM-5 carbapenemase gene possesses a structure identical to that of the IncFII-type plasmid backbone.

[Correlation between growth rate of corpus callosum and neuromotor development in preterm infants].

Objective: To investigate the growth rate of corpus callosum by cranial ultrasound in very low birth weight preterm infants and to provide a reference for early evaluation and improvement of brain development.

Methods: A total of 120 preterm infants under 33 weeks' gestation were recruited and divided into 26-29(+6) weeks group (n=64) and 30-32(+6) weeks group (n=56) according to the gestational age. The growth rate of corpus callosum was compared between the two groups.

[A contrastive study of corpus callosum area in very preterm and full-term infants].

Objective: To compare the differences between full-term and VLBW premature infants at term equivalent for the whole and sub-regional corpus callosum areas in order to provide reference for monitoring the extrauterine development of corpus callosum in VLBW premature infants.

Methods: Brain MR image data of 24 term infants with a gestational age of 39 weeks were collected within 24 hours after birth. Brain MR image of 30 VLBW neonates at 39 weeks' gestational age equivalent were successfully obtained.

[Study on HPLC fingerprint of Tibetan herb Gymnadenia conopsea].

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Gymnadenia conopsea from different regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Methods: 12 batches of Gymnadenia conopsea were measured by the RP-HPLC, and their fingerprints were obtained. Chromatographic condition: The sample was separated on column of Kromasil C18 (4.

Effects of antidepressants on the exploration, spontaneous motor activity and isolation-induced aggressiveness in mice.

Objective: To study the role of different antidepressants on exploration, spontaneous motor activity and isolation-induced aggressiveness in mice, further to discuss different mechanisms of their anti-aggression.

Methods: With an aggressive model induced by isolation housing in mice, antagonism of different antidepressants against isolation-induced aggression was evaluated. In the group-housed mice given the same treatment as aggressive test, exploration and spontaneous motor activity were measured.

L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers inhibit the development but not the expression of sensitization to morphine in mice.

The relationship between opioid actions and L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers has been well documented. However, there is no report relevant to L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers and morphine sensitization, which is suggested to be an analog of behaviors that are characteristic of drug addiction. We now studied systematically the effects of three L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers, nimodipine, nifedipine and verapamil, on morphine-induced locomotor activity, the development and the expression of sensitization to morphine.

Tramadol reduces the 5-HTP-induced head-twitch response in mice via the activation of mu and kappa opioid receptors.

Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic, stimulates both opiatergic and serotonergic systems. Here we have investigated the effect of tramadol in mice on 5-hydroxyptrytophan (5-HTP)-induced head twitch response (HTR), which is an animal model for the activation of the CNS 5-HT(2A) receptors in mice. Tramadol attenuated 5-HTP-induced HTR in a dose-dependent manner as morphine.

Buspirone-induced antinociception is mediated by L-type calcium channels and calcium/caffeine-sensitive pools in mice.

Rationale: Previous studies have shown that buspirone, a partial 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, produces antinociceptive effects in rats and mice; Ca(2+) plays a critical role as a second messenger in mediating nociceptive transmission. 5-HT(1A) receptors have been proven to be coupled functionally with various types of Ca(2+) channels in neurons, including N-, P/Q-, T-, or L-type. It was of interest to investigate the involvement of extracellular/intracellular Ca(2+) in buspirone-induced antinociception.