Two new norneolignans from .

Two new norneolignans, (7,8)-3-methoxy-3',4,9-trihydroxy-4',7-epoxy-8,3'-neolignane-1'-carboxylic acid () and (7,8)-3-methoxyl-4,9-dihydroxy-3':7,4':8-diepoxyneolignan-1'-carboxylic acid methyl ester () were isolated from , together with ten known compounds, genistin (), daidzin (), silybin A (), isosilybin A (), isosilybin B (), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (), syringic acid (), lanceolatin A (), icariside C5 (), and (3,6,10)-10--D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,11-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,6-diene (). Compounds and were evaluated for their effects on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide induced RAW264.7 cells.

Controllable extension of hairpin-structured flaps to allow low-background cascade invasive reaction for a sensitive DNA logic sensor for mutation detection.

A DNA logic sensor was constructed for gene mutation analysis based on a novel signal amplification cascade by controllably extending a hairpin-structured flap to bridge two invasive reactions. The detection limit was as low as 0.07 fM, and the analytical specificity is high enough to unambiguously pick up 0.

Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel.

Five new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, oleiferasaponins D-D (1-5), were isolated from the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-5 were evaluated against five human tumor cell lines (HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780).

[Chemical Constituents from Camellia oleifera Stem].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of stem of Camellia oleifera.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and special analysis.

Two new triterpenoid glycosides from the stems of Camellia oleifera Abel.

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoid glycosides, 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22α-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-15α,16α,28-triol(1) and 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21β-acetyl-22α-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-16α,28-diol (2) were isolated from the stems of Camellia oleifera Abel. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-2 were evaluated against five human tumour cell lines (HCT-8, BGC-823, A5049, and A2780).

[Chemical Constituents from Leaves of Liquidambar formosana].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Liquidambarformosana.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silicagel, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and special analysis.

[Ethyl acetate-soluble chemical constituents from Callicarpa kwangtungensis].

Objective: To study the ethyl acetate-soluble chemical constituents of Callicarpa kwangtungensis.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of special analysis.

Four New Triterpenoids from Callicarpa kwangtungensis.

Four new triterpenoids which were identifed as 2α,3β,6β,19α-tetrahydroxy- oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3α,19α-di-hydroxyoleanolic acid (2), 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3α,19α-dihydroxyursolic acid (3), 2α,3α,6β,19α-tetrahydroxyursolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Callicarpa kwangtungensis together with three known triterpenoids identified as 2α,3β,21β-trihydroxyursolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxyoleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxyursolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). Their structures were elucidated by the combination of mass spectrometry (MS), one and two-dimensional NMR experiments.

Two new triterpenoids from Callicarpa kwangtungensis.

Two new triterpenoids, 2α,3β,16α,19α,23-pentahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 2α,3α,11α,21α,23-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Callicarpa kwangtungensis. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D analyses, as well as MS and IR spectra.

Three new compounds from the leaves of Liquidambar formosana.

Two new flavan glycosides, (2S)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and (2S)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and a new neolignan, (7S,8S)-3-methoxyl-3'-O-β-D-glucopyrannosyl-4':8,5':7-diepoxyneolignan-4,9'-diol, were isolated from the leaves of Liquidambar formosana Hance. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence.

A new protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside from the roots of Panax notoginseng.

A new protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside, 6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol-3-one (1), along with three known compounds, was isolated from the roots of Panax notoginseng. Their structures were determined based on some pieces of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 5.

Propofol pharmacokinetics in China: a multicentric study.

Objective: A multicenter population pharmacokinetics study of propofol was performed to establish a new population model.

Materials And Methods: Three thousand two hundred and fifty-nine blood samples of 220 participants were measured by HPLC-UV or HPLC-FLU or GC-MS. Target-controlled infusion after single bolus or continuous infusion was applied for propofol anesthesia.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of two digoxin formulations after single-dose administration in healthy Chinese male volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability/bioequivalence of two formulations of digoxin (CAS 20830-75-5) were assessed in this paper. The study was conducted in 20 healthy Chinese male volunteers according to an open, randomized, single-blind, 2-way crossover study design with a wash-out phase of 14 days. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic profiling were taken up to 72 h post-dose and digoxin plasma concentrations were determined by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) method.

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish population pharmacokinetic models of tacrolimus in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Methods: A total of 956 tacrolimus whole blood concentrations from 73 healthy volunteers were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using NONMEM.

Population pharmacokinetic study of cyclosporine based on NONMEM in Chinese liver transplant recipients.

A population pharmacokinetic study of cyclosporine (CsA) was performed in liver transplant recipients. A total of 3731 retrospective drug monitoring data points at predose (C0) and 2 hours postdose (C2) were collected from 124 liver transplant recipients receiving CsA microemulsion. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using the program NONMEM (nonlinear mixed-effect modeling).

[Population pharmacokinetic study of tacrolimus in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant].

The present study is to establish the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of tacrolimus and to estimate PPK parameters of tacrolimus for the individualization of tacrolimus administration in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A total of 671 blood samples were collected from 68 hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients and clinical data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of these patients. Population pharmacokinetical analysis was performed using the nonlinear mixed-effect model (NONMEM) program.

[Rapid analysis of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography].

Aim: To develop a rapid and feasible method based on micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) for the simultaneous determination of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)--phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), carbamazepine (CBZ), primidone (PRM) and clonazepam (CZP) in human plasma.

Methods: Several factors that impact the separation of AEDs with MECC were investigated, such as concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), buffer compositions, pH, organic modifier, internal diameter and temperature, and an optimized MECC running condition was obtained the running buffer consisted of 8 mmol x L(-1) phosphate, 3 mmol x L(-1) sodium tetraborate, and 50 mmol x L(-1) sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) (pH 8.0), containing acetonitrile (ACN) (18%) as organic modifier.

[Albumin kinetics in patients with severe sepsis].

Objective: To explore the mechanism of hypoalbuminemia in patients with severe sepsis.

Methods: I(125)-labeled albumin was administered intravenously to 10 health volunteers and 10 patients with severe sepsis. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 22, 25 days for the measurement of the dose of gamma-radiation and the curve of concentration and time.

Population pharmacokinetics of propofol in Chinese patients.

Aim: To analyze population pharmacokinetics of propofol in Chinese surgical patients using a nonlinear mixed-effect model (NONMEM) program and to quantitate the effects of covariance of gender, age, and body weight.

Methods: The population pharmacokinetics of propofol was investigated in 76 selective surgical patients (37 males and 39 females aged 19-77 a, weighing 39-86 kg). A total of 1439 blood samples were analyzed using NONMEM (NONMEM Project Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA).