Evolutionary diversification and succession of soil huge phages in glacier foreland.

Background: Huge phages (genome size ≥ 200 kb) have been detected in diverse habitats worldwide, infecting a variety of prokaryotes. However, their evolution and adaptation strategy in soils remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of soil-derived genomes.

Results: Here, we conduct a size-fractioned (< 0.

Assembly and succession of the phyllosphere microbiome and nutrient-cycling genes during plant community development in a glacier foreland.

The phyllosphere, particularly the leaf surface of plants, harbors a diverse range of microbiomes that play a vital role in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of microbial successions and their impact on functional genes during plant community development is limited. In this study, considering core and satellite microbial taxa, we characterized the phyllosphere microbiome and functional genes in various microhabitats (i.

Suppression of the human malic enzyme 2 modifies energy metabolism and inhibits cellular respiration.

Human mitochondrial NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme (ME2) is well-known for its role in cell metabolism, which may be involved in cancer or epilepsy. We present potent ME2 inhibitors based on cyro-EM structures that target ME2 enzyme activity. Two structures of ME2-inhibitor complexes demonstrate that 5,5'-Methylenedisalicylic acid (MDSA) and embonic acid (EA) bind allosterically to ME2's fumarate-binding site.

Phyllosphere antibiotic resistome in a natural primary vegetation across a successional sequence after glacier retreat.

The spread of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) has posed a significant threat to human health over the past decades. Despite the fact that the phyllosphere represents a crucial pool of microorganisms, little is known about the profile and drivers of ARGs in less human interference natural habitats. In order to minimize the influence of environmental factors, here we collected leaf samples from the early-, middle- and late-successional stages across a primary vegetation successional sequence within 2 km, to investigate how the phyllosphere ARGs develop in natural habitats.

[Variation of below-ground carbon sequestration under long term cultivation and grazing in the typical steppe of Nei Monggol in North China].

Human activities have changed the earth surface mostly, which caused many environment issues now. We aimed to detect the process that human activities exert on ecosystem by investigating and analyzing the changes of plant community, especially underground soil and root carbon sequestration under long-term cultivation and grazing in typical steppe area of Nei Monggol, North China. The carbon sequestration on the root and soil in three plots of typical steppe area: 26-year exclosure grassland (E26), continuous grazing grassland (LG) and 35-year cultivated tillage (LC) were measured.