Impact of gender, posture and phase on back and lower extremity moments and muscle excitation during lifting task: a cross-sectional study.

: The aim of this work was to investigate and compare back and lower extremity joint moments and muscle excitation during stoop and squat postures by incorporating gender-based differences and analyzing lifting phases. : 18 healthy adults (9 males and 9 females; age: 24.44 ± 4.

[Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in China, 1997-2011].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trend as well as the related affecting factors of hepatitis C in China.

Methods: Data analysis was performed based on the case-reporting data of hepatitis C from 1997 to 2011, using SPSS 19.0.

[HIV prevalence among populations at risk, using sentinel surveillance data from 1995 to 2009 in China].

Objective: To effectively monitor the time trend of HIV prevalence and epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers (FSWs), sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendants, men who have sex with men (MSM) and pregnant women etc., to provide information for evaluation on strategies regarding comprehensive HIV prevention and effectiveness of intervention, in China.

Methods: Cross-sectional studies had been repeatedly conducted on sentinel surveillance program with uniformed questionnaire and collection of venous blood specimen among IDUs, FSWs, STD clinic attendants, MSM and pregnant women, from 1995 to 2009.

[Situations and trends of HIV and syphilis infections among drug users in China, 1995 - 2009].

Objective: To understand the characteristics and trends of HIV and syphilis infections among drug users.

Methods: Information was collected regarding HIV and syphilis epidemics, as well as on high risk behaviors from the HIV/AIDS surveillance system. Source of information was from HIV/AIDS case-reporting, sentinel surveillance and trend estimation, related to the changes of distribution among HIV positive drug users prevalence rates on HIV and syphilis together with their high risk behaviors.

[HIV/AIDS epidemic situation and data analysis among young students from 2006-2009 in China].

Objective: To analyze the HIV/AIDS epidemic situation and related behavioral components among young students in the last years and to provide information for integrated control and prevention programs.

Methods: Data on young students (15 - 24 years) through case reporting system was collected from 2006 to 2009 and continuous sentinel surveillance data regarding 6 national sentinel sites carried out from 2006 to 2009 was also collected. The sentinel sites would include universities, junior college and secondary vocational colleges registered students, using cluster sampling phases method.

[Data analysis of national HIV comprehensive surveillance sites among female sex workers from 2004 to 2008].

Objective: To monitor the time trend of behaviors change related to HIV/AIDS epidemic and HIV prevalence, and to provide information and basis for comprehensive HIV prevention responses and evaluation of intervention effectiveness among female sex workers in China.

Methods: During the year of 2004 to 2008, a series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted among female sex workers in community recruited in both entertainment places and in street, during the defined timeframe, a face-to-face interview was conducted with uniformed questionnaire; while, the venous blood specimen was collected. The sample size was 400 per site per survey.