ROP16 ameliorated inflammatory bowel diseases inducing M2 phenotype of macrophages.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and non-specific inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and mainly includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Aim: To explore the beneficial effect of ToxoROP16-induced M2 phynotype macrophages in homeostasis of IBDs through downregulation of M1 inflammatory cells.

Methods: RAW264.

[Characteristics of CO2 emission from Carex-dominated wetland in Poyang Lake in non-flooded period].

By using static chamber/gas chromatography, the CO2 fluxes in a Carex cinerascen-dominated wetland in the Poyang Lake Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve were measured in nonflooded period (from September 2009 to April 2010). Two treatments were installed, i. e.