Mineralization characteristics of soil organic carbon under different herbaceous plant mosaics in semi-arid grasslands.

We aimed to explore the mineralization characteristics of soil organic carbon(SOC) under different plant species in semi-arid grassland and provide basic soil carbon cycling data. Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii Roshev, Artemisia frigida, and Agrophorn cristam (L.) Gaertn were selected as the plant species.

Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Since multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant public health problem worldwide, identifying associated risk factors is critical for developing appropriate control strategies.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for identifying factors independently predicting MDR-TB. The random-effects model was used to determine pooled odds ratios (ORs) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the related factors.