A novel approach for 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy to evaluate vitreous substitutes in rabbits.

Aim: To improve the standard three-port vitrectomy for establishing and evaluating an endotamponade model in rabbits.

Methods: Three ports were prepared near the third eyelid of rabbits, and the infusion port was placed at the inferior nasal quadrant with the inserted cannula linking with a self-designed handheld rigid infusion catheter. All right eyes of rabbits underwent a modified 25-gauge vitrectomy and were subsequently filled with balanced salt solution, silicone oil, and eight-arm polyethylene glycols (8-arm PEGs) hydrogel separately for comparison.

Primary intracranial papillary meningioma: Analysis of factors of prognosis and systematic review.

Objective: Papillary meningioma is rare and displays an aggressive clinical behavior with poor prognosis. Therefore, we performed an extensive literature review to evaluate the adverse factors and treatment strategy of survival.

Method: We performed Ovid, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane database queries for articles published between 1938 and 2019 with the search term "WHO grade III meningioma" or "papillary meningioma" and "central nervous system", "cerebral", or "intracranial".

Upregulated inflammatory associated factors and blood-retinal barrier changes in the retina of type 2 diabetes mellitus model.

Aim: To examine the expression of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the retina and the hippocampal tissues; and further to evaluate the association of these two molecules with the alterations of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) model was established with a high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ). Sixteen weeks after DM induction, morphological changes of retina and hippocampus were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and alternations of BRB and BBB permeability were measured using Evans blue method.

Involvement of HMGB1 mediated signalling pathway in diabetic retinopathy: evidence from type 2 diabetic rats and ARPE-19 cells under diabetic condition.

Aims: Inflammation is considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) could promote inflammation as an alarmin. We investigated the expression of HMGB1 signalling pathway components in type 2 diabetic rat retinas and in high glucose cultured ARPE-19 cells.

Methods: Retinal expression of HMGB1 and its receptors in type 2 diabetic rats were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry.