Near-infrared spectroscopy bioprobe estimation of metabolites' responses to Pb in Cladophora rupestris.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used as a bioprobe to estimation chlorophyll, total sugar, proline, and metallothionein (MT) response to Pb (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 mg/l) in Cladophora rupestris.

Construction of the highly oxidized bicyclo[3.2.1]octane CD ring system of aconitine via a late stage enyne cycloisomerization.

A strategy for synthesizing the highly oxidized bicyclo[3.2.1]octane CD rings of aconitine is reported.