Functions and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer is a common and highly invasive type of malignant tumor, the pathogenesis of which remains unclarified. However, exosomes are now known to play important roles in gastric cancer development and treatment. Cells use exosomes for the packaging and transportation of a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, double-stranded DNA, and micro-ribonucleic acids, to other sites.

Kynurenine pathway metabolites predict antianhedonic effects of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a rapid and effective antianhedonic treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Whether this effect is related to kynurenine (KYN) pathway metabolites lacks evidence so we examined if the changes in these metabolites can serve as potential biomarkers for the antianhedonic effects of ECT.

Methods: In this single-arm clinical trial, sixty patients diagnosed with TRD received a series of eight ECT treatments and provided blood samples.

Disparities in overall survival of gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy: an age and rural-urban residence-based cohort study with propensity score matching analysis.

This study estimated overall survival (OS) among gastric cancer patients stratified by age and rural-urban residence after radical gastrectomy. Patients (n = 286) undergoing curative gastrectomy were categorized into four groups based on age (older ≥ 60 years or younger < 60 years) and residence (rural or urban), including rural older (G1), urban older (G2), rural younger (G3) and urban younger (G4) groups. G1 presented with significantly more males, upper stomach cancers and total gastrectomies, while less patients receiving ≥ 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Salt stress activates the CDK8-AHL10-SUVH2/9 module to dynamically regulate salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Salt stress has devastating effects on agriculture, yet the key regulators modulating the transcriptional dynamics of salt-responsive genes remain largely elusive in plants. Here, we discover that salt stress substantially induces the kinase activity of Mediator cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), which is essential for its positive role in regulating salt tolerance. CDK8 is identified to phosphorylate AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 10 (AHL10) at serine 314, leading to its degradation under salt stress.

Online monitoring and stable isotope tracing of cancer associated volatiles in murine model captures tumor associated markers in vivo.

Background: The imperative need for early cancer detection, which is crucial for improved survival rates in many severe cancers such as lung cancer, remains challenging due to the lack of reliable early-diagnosis technologies and robust biomarkers. To address this gap, innovative screening platforms are essential to unveil the chemical signatures of lung cancer and its treatments. It is established that the oxidative tumor environment induces alterations in host metabolic processes and influences endogenous volatile synthesis.

5HT1R agonist alleviates presurgical prolonged sleep deprivationinduced postsurgical pain in adolescent mice.

Objectives: Sleep deprivation (SD) is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain in adolescents, significantly affecting pain management and prognosis; however, the mechanisms by which SD influences postoperative pain outcomes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism through which the spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor (5-HT1R) regulates the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in the dorsal horn to modulate postoperative chronic pain induced by SD in adolescent mice.

Methods: A pain model combining 4.

Pilot Study of Metabolomic Biomarkers Associated with Outcomes in Patients with Lung Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy.

Lung cancer stands as the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, impacting both men and women in the United States and beyond. Radiation therapy (RT) serves as a key treatment modality for various lung malignancies. Our study aims to systematically assess the prognosis and influence of RT on metabolic reprogramming in patients diagnosed with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through longitudinal metabolic profiling.

Modulating lipid metabolism by nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated ACSL3 silencing to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis.

Abnormal lipid metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of almost all cancer types, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the liver is the central organ for lipid storage and metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and have not been completely elucidated. By analyzing the proteomic sequencing and single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) results of HCC patients, we herein reveal that acyl-CoA synthase long chain family member 3 (ACSL3) is predominately expressed in HCC cells and high ACSL3 expression is positively correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism and predicts the poor prognosis of HCC patients.

Airborne optical imaging technology: a road map in CIOMP.

Airborne optical imaging can flexibly obtain the intuitive information of the observed scene from the air, which plays an important role of modern optical remote sensing technology. Higher resolution, longer imaging distance, and broader coverage are the unwavering pursuits in this research field. Nevertheless, the imaging environment during aerial flights brings about multi-source dynamic interferences such as temperature, air pressure, and complex movements, which forms a serious contradiction with the requirements of precision and relative staticity in optical imaging.

Mechanical mechanism of soil consolidation by plant roots in loess area of northern Shaanxi.

To reveal the evolution law of the mechanical failure of the root-soil composite and identify the main control factors and their coupling and mutual feeding relationship, this paper takes the most common naturally growing plants in Yan 'an area as the research object and studies the evolution process of the mechanical deformation and failure of the root-soil composite by applying the methods of in-situ pull-out test, indoor direct shear test of the root-soil composite, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. The mechanical characteristics of root-soil interaction were analyzed, and the mechanism of root-soil fixation was explained. The results show that: (1) the root-soil composite's mechanical deformation and failure characteristics have obvious regularity and stages and are affected by plant growth state, root morphology, soil physical and mechanical properties, and other factors.

Self-luminescent dual-ligand metal-organic framework based electrochemiluminescence probes for organophosphorus pesticides determination.

In this study, a signal amplification strategy was developed, which tris (2, 2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)) was incorporated as a guest molecule into the preparation system of lanthanide-based metal-organic framework (MOF). This strategy relied on strong electrostatic interactions and coordination competition to influence the growth process of the MOF, resulting in the firm immobilization of Ru(bpy) within the MOF structure. The spatial confinement effect of the MOF effectively improved the efficiency of electron transfer in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction.

Methionine-mediated trade-off between plant growth and salt tolerance.

Salt stress is an important environmental factor that limits plant growth and development. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant salt tolerance will help improve plant performance and crop production under saline conditions. Here, we found that the amino acid methionine significantly improves plant salt tolerance.

Motor task complexity matters more in dual task gait performance for early-stage Parkinson's disease identification.

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit more impaired gait performance during motor cognitive dual-task tests. However, the effects of motor and cognitive task complexity on early PD identification have not been systematically investigated. 25 idiopathic early PD patients and 14 age-matched healthy elders were recruited and required to perform a complex motor task with/ without three different cognitive tasks.

An inertial-based gait normalcy index for motor fluctuation measurement under an unconstrained walking scenario.

The assessment of motor fluctuation is essential for patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the clinical scales are unable to sufficiently reflect motor fluctuations due to their lower sensitivity to subtle changes. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an inertial-based gait normalcy index (GNI) derived from deviations of gait spatiotemporal parameters related to a healthy age-matched baseline.

Default Mode Network, Disorganization, and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.

Background And Hypothesis: Disorganized thinking is a prominent feature of schizophrenia that becomes persistent in the presence of treatment resistance. Disruption of the default mode network (DMN), which regulates self-referential thinking, is now a well-established feature of schizophrenia. However, we do not know if DMN disruption affects disorganization and contributes to treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS).

Inertial-based dual-task gait normalcy index at turns: a potential novel gait biomarker for early-stage Parkinson's disease.

As one of the main motor indicators of Parkinson's disease (PD), postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) might manifest in various but subtle symptoms at early stage resulting in relatively high misdiagnosis rate. Quantitative gait assessment under dual task or complex motor task (i.e.

Resilience mediates the impact of caregiver burden on quality of life among informal caregivers of gastrointestinal cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The unclear relationships between caregiver burden, resilience, and quality of life among informal caregivers of patients with Gastrointestinal cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy prompted this study. The objective was to explore these relationships and investigate the mediating role of resilience.

Methods: Between June 2022 and March 2023, totally 206 informal caregivers, who were responsible for patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for Gastrointestinal cancer in a public hospital, participated in this study.

PDE4D inhibition ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by activating mitophagy.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a major role in normal and pathologic signaling in the heart. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a major PDE degrading cAMP in the heart. There are inconsistencies concerning the roles of the PDE4 isoforms 4B and 4D in regulation of cardiac function.

Comparison of the Immune Enhancing Activity and Chemical Constituents Between Imitation Wild and Cultivated Astragali Radix.

Astragali Radix (AR), a traditional food and medicinal herb used for thousands of years, is widely recognized for its role in enhancing immunity, particularly when combined with adjuvant chemotherapy. The two primary types of AR available in the market are imitation wild AR (grown for seven years) and cultivated AR (grown for two years). However, whether differences exist in their immune-enhancing effects and chemical constituents remains unclear.

Multi-Omics Characterization of Genome-Wide Abnormal DNA Methylation Reveals FGF5 as a Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Recurrence After Radiotherapy.

Background: Aberrant expression and mutations in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play crucial roles in cell differentiation, growth, and migration, contributing to tumor progression across various cancers. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignancy prevalent in East Asia, is primarily treated with radiotherapy; however, radioresistance remains a major challenge, leading to recurrence and poor outcomes. While FGFs are known to activate signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT to promote cancer progression, the specific role of individual FGFs in NPC radioresistance remains unclear.

Bioinspired Design and Applications of Liquid Gating Gas Valve Membranes.

In nature, dynamic liquid interfaces play a vital role in regulating gas transport, as exemplified by the adaptive mechanisms of plant stomata and the liquid-lined alveoli, which enable efficient gas exchange through reversible opening and closing. These biological processes provide profound insights into the design of advanced gas control technologies. Inspired by these natural systems, liquid gating membranes have been developed utilizing capillary-stabilized liquids to achieve precise fluid regulation.

Oral delivery of ultra-small zwitterionic nanoparticles to overcome mucus and epithelial barriers for macrophage modulation and colitis therapy.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that poses significant therapeutic challenges due to the intestinal mucus and epithelial barriers. In this study, ultra-small zwitterionic nanoparticles (HC-CB NPs) is developed based on glutathione (GSH)-responsive hyperbranched polycarbonate to enhance the oral delivery of drugs and overcome these physiological barriers. HC-CB NPs demonstrate high colloidal stability across a wide range of pH environments and physiological fluids, preventing premature drug release within the gastrointestinal tract.

Eliminating VEGFA+ tumor-associated neutrophils by antibody-drug conjugates boosts antitumor immunity and potentiates PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical models of cervical cancer.

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) actively interact with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), though the detailed mechanisms governing their response to ADC treatment remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we explored how ICAM1-targeted ADCs affect TAN dynamics in preclinical models of cervical cancer. We discovered that I-DXd, our in-house ADC targeting cervical cancer, effectively eliminates tumor cells through specific antigen recognition while concurrently depleting pro-tumor VEGFA + TANs via Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis.

Ultrafast Events in Electrocyclic Ring-Opening Reactions.

Electrocyclic reactions are characterized by the concerted formation and cleavage of multiple σ and π bonds in a molecular system and have been extensively studied since they were introduced by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann in 1965. Recent advances and the integration of time-resolved experiments and nonadiabatic quantum molecular dynamics simulations have transformed the traditional understanding of electrocyclic reactions beyond the Woodward-Hoffmann rules. In this review, we focus on recent studies of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and two of its derivatives, α-phellandrene and α-terpinene, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of electrocyclic photochemical reactions.

Filling-Dependent Intertwined Electronic and Atomic Orders in the Flat-Band State of 1-TaS.

The delicate interplay among the complex intra/inter-layer electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions is the fundamental prerequisite of these exotic quantum states, such as superconductivity, nematic order, and checkerboard charge order. Here, we explore the filling-dependent multiple stable intertwined electronic and atomic orders of the flat-band state of 1-TaS encompassing hole order, phase orders, coexisting left- and right-chiral orders, and mixed phase/chiral orders via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Combining first-principles calculations, the emergent electronic/atomic orders can be attributed to the weakening of electron-electron correlations and stacking-dependent interlayer interactions.