Clinical efficacy of macrolide antibiotics in mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia carrying a macrolide-resistant mutation in the 23 S rRNA gene in pediatric patients.

Background: The global prospective surveillance data showed the re-emergence of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in Europe and Asia after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We sought to observe the effect of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of MPP carrying a macrolide-resistant mutation gene and the potential of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) as a front-line diagnostic in MPP patients.

Methods: The baseline characteristics of 91 children with MPP hospitalized from January to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Radical Deoxygenative Three-Component Reaction of Alcohols, Aryl Alkenes, and Cyanopyridines.

We report herein a deoxygenative radical multicomponent reaction involving alcohols, aryl alkenes, and cyanopyridine under photoredox conditions. This method is photoredox-neutral, suitable for late-stage modification, and compatible with a wide array of alcohols as alkyl radical sources, including primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. This reaction comprises a radical relay mechanism encompassing the Giese addition of aryl alkenes by alkyl radicals, followed by the decyanative pyridination of benzyl radicals.

FATTY ACID DESATURASE4 enhances plant RNA virus replication and undergoes host vacuolar ATPase-mediated degradation.

Emerging evidence indicates that fatty acid (FA) metabolic pathways regulate host immunity to vertebrate viruses. However, information on FA signaling in plant virus infection remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of fatty acid desaturase (FAD), an enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the conversion of saturated FAs into unsaturated FAs, during infection by a plant RNA virus.

Analysis of Plant Virus-Induced Immunity by Using Viral-Derived Double-Stranded RNA in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Pattern-triggered immunity is the first line of defense against infection by pathogens such as bacteria and fungi in plants, and this mechanism remains poorly defined in plant viruses. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an intermediate in the replication of plant RNA viruses, and is considered to be a conserved structure of plant viruses similar to pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Whether dsRNA is the elicitor that activates plant immunity in response to virus infection remains obscure.

Gene expression profiles of skin from cyclin dependent kinases 5-knockdown mice.

Objective: This study aimed to identify genes regulated by cyclin dependent kinases 5 (CDK5) that participate in hair pigmentation in mice.

Methods: The mRNA expression profiles of skin samples from CDK5-knockdown mice were constructed using high-throughput RNA sequencing and compared with those of wild-type mice.

Results: In total, 8,002 known genes were differentially expressed between CDK5-knockdown and wild-type mice.

Electroactive poly(thionine) as imprinted polymer and reference probe simultaneously for ratiometric ion imprinted electrochemical Pbsensor.

In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on ion-imprinted polymer/Au nanoparticles/porous biochar (IIP/AuNPs/PBC) composite was proposed for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Pb. In this work, poly (thionine) (pTHI) served simultaneously as imprinted polymer and reference probe. It could not only realize the specific detection of Pb, but also provide an internal reference signal to eliminate the influence of human and environmental factors on the detection signal and further improve the stability of the sensor.

Efficacy of catgut embedding in Baihui (GV20) and Feishu (BL13) and Pishu (BL20) on lung tissue, brain tissue and blood related indexes in rats with allergic rhinitis of lung deficiency type.

Objective: To investigate the effects of acupoint catgut embedding for 3 weeks on lung tissue, blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleutin-4 (IL-4), brain tissue microglia x-42 (OX-42) and toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) in rats with allergic rhinitis of lung deficiency type.

Methods: Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided for two times. The first time, they were randomly divided into model group and blank group (Group C) according to 2:1, and the second time, the model group were randomly divided into model control group (Group B) and intervention treatment group (Group A) according to 1:1.

Proteomics Identified UDP-Glycosyltransferase Family Members as Pro-Viral Factors for Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection in .

Viruses encounter numerous host factors that facilitate or suppress viral infection. Although some host factors manipulated by viruses were uncovered, we have limited knowledge of the pathways hijacked to promote viral replication and activate host defense responses. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most prevalent viral pathogens in many regions of the world.

Rice stripe virus p2 protein interacts with ATG5 and is targeted for degradation by autophagy.

Autophagy can be induced by viral infection and plays antiviral roles in plants, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In our previous reports, we have demonstrated that the plant ATG5 plays an essential role in activating autophagy in rice stripe virus (RSV)-infected plants. We also showed that eIF4A, a negative factor of autophagy, interacts with and inhibits ATG5.

Resistant starch formation mechanism of amylosucrase-modified starches with crystalline structure enhanced by hydrothermal treatment.

The aim of this study was to reveal the underlying mechanism contributing towards the formation of resistant starch (RS) in amylosucrase-modified starches with crystalline structure enhanced by hydrothermal treatment. The branch chains of waxy corn starch were continuously elongated by amylosucrase, and the retrogradation of elongated starches with weight-average chain length (CL¯) of 27.0-37.

Association between Surgical Technical Skills and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between intraoperative surgical skill and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Peer-reviewed, original research articles published through August 31, 2021 were identified from PubMed and Embase. From the 1,513 potential articles, seven met eligibility requirements, reporting on 151 surgeons and 17,932 procedures.

Adherence to augmentation therapy for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Background: Inadequate response to antidepressant medication is common. Often, adjunctive pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy is recommended.

Objective: To measure adherence to adjunctive pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Measuring Response to Adjunctive Therapy Among Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Incomplete or inadequate response to first-line antidepressant therapy (ADT) for major depressive disorder (MDD) is common. Response to adjunctive therapy is less understood.

Objective: To estimate response to adjunctive pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy among individuals with MDD on an antidepressant using the PHQ-9 questionnaire.

Guidance for Selecting Model Options in the National Cancer Institute Joinpoint Regression Software.

The purpose of this report is to provide guidance to users of NCHS data in the selection of modeling options when using the NCI Joinpoint regression software to analyze trends. This report complements another report, "National Center for Health Statistics Guidelines for Analysis of Trends." Considerations are presented for selecting the modeling options, with examples illustrating the choices.

Hydrothermal induced B → A allomorphic transition in retrograded starches with side chains elongated by amylosucrase to different lengths.

In this study, chain-elongated starches were modified with hydrothermal treatment to produce hydrothermal-treated starches with different crystalline structures. All chain-elongated starches showed a B-type crystalline structure and the retrogradation of long branch chains accelerated the formation of starch crystallites. The hydrothermal treatment preserved the granular structure of starches but facilitated the rearrangement of starch chains to generate crystallites.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Resource Utilization in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: To estimate the impact COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare HCRU in the twelve months prior to and six months following pandemic onset among 1,318,709 individuals with MDD and propensity-score matched controls. Outcomes were monthly rates of all-cause and MDD-specific outpatient, inpatient, and prescription medication HCRU.

Preparation of glycosyl carboxylic acids stereoselective synthesis and oxidative cleavage of -vinyl glycosides.

We have developed an improved cyanide-free strategy for the synthesis of glycosyl carboxylic acids, employing stereoselective -vinyl glycosylation and oxidative cleavage of -vinyl glycosides as key steps. Compared to our previous work, the amount of NaIO required for the oxidative cleavage step is reduced significantly from 18 equivalents to 4.5 equivalents.

Acidic dileucine motifs in the cylindrical inclusion protein of turnip mosaic virus are crucial for endosomal targeting and viral replication.

Previously we reported that the multifunctional cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is targeted to endosomes through the interaction with the medium subunit of adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2β), which is essential for viral infection. Although several functionally important regions in the CI have been identified, little is known about the determinant(s) for endosomal trafficking. The CI protein contains seven conserved acidic dileucine motifs [(D/E)XXXL(L/I)] typical of endocytic sorting signals recognized by AP2β.

Iron and sulfur reduction caused by different growth seasons inhibits cadmium transfer in the soil-rice system.

Effects of iron and sulfur redox states in the soil caused by different growth seasons on Cd uptake by rice remain unclear. In this study, three early rice cultivars and three late rice cultivars were cultivated in a double-cropping system in Cd-contaminated paddy fields. The total Cd accumulation of early rice cultivars was 20.

FvZFP1 confers transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana resistance against plant pathogens and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses.

Zinc finger proteins can induce plant resistance and activate the expression of molecules involved in the resistance pathway in response to harsh environmental conditions. Previously, we found that a novel Fragaria vesca zinc finger protein interacts with the P6 protein encoded by a strawberry vein banding virus. However, the molecular mechanism of the zinc finger protein in plant stress resistance is still unknown.

Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Outcomes of Aortic Valve Implantation.

New or preexisting atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequent in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. We evaluated whether the presence of AF during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) impacts the length of stay, healthcare adjusted costs, and inpatient mortality. The median length of stay in the patients with AF increased by 33.