Active Hydroxyl-Mediated Preferential Cleavage of Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Electrocatalytic Glycerol Oxidation.

Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) to produce high-value formic acid (FA) is hindered by high formation potential of active species and sluggish C-C bond cleavage kinetics. Herein, Ni single-atom (NiSA) and Co single-atom (CoSA) dual sites anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes embedded with Ni0.1Co0.

Calcineurin: An essential regulator of sleep revealed by biochemical, chemical biological, and genetic approaches.

Research into mechanisms underlying sleep traditionally relies on electrophysiology and genetics. Because sleep can only be measured on whole animals by behavioral observations and physical means, no sleep research was initiated by biochemical and chemical biological approaches. We used phosphorylation sites of kinases important for sleep as targets for biochemical and chemical biological approaches.

Inverting methanol dehydrogenation selectivity by crowding atomic Ni species over α-MoC catalysts.

Metal carbides with earth-abundant elements are widely regarded as promising alternatives of noble metal catalysts. Although comparable catalytic performances have been observed for metal carbides in several types of reactions, precise control of reaction pathways on them remains a formidable challenge, partially due to strong adsorption of reactants or intermediates. In this study, we show that bimolecular dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate and H2 is kinetically favored on bare α-MoC catalysts, while monomolecular dehydrogenation to CO and H2 becomes the dominant pathway when α-MoC is decorated with crowding atomic Ni species.

Comparative transcriptome analysis identified genes involved in ovarian development in Takifugu rubripes.

Ovarian development is a complex process involving multiple genes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process in Takifugu rubripes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify genes associated with ovarian development in T. rubripes and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of oocyte maturation.

Revealing the heterogeneity of treatment resistance in less-defined subtype diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients by integrating programmed cell death patterns and liquid biopsy.

Precision medicine in less-defined subtype diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are crucial in the advancement of lymphoma and serve as significant prognostic markers for individuals afflicted with lymphoid cancers. To identify robust prognostic biomarkers that can guide personalized management for less-defined subtype DLBCL patients, we integrated multi-omics data derived from 339 standard R-CHOP-treated patients diagnosed with less-defined subtype DLBCL from three independent cohorts.

Risk factor screening and prediction modeling of gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by GLP-1RAs.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the risk factors for gastrointestinal side effects (GISEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) based on real-world data and to develop a prediction model for GLP-1RA-related GISEs.

Methods: A total of 855 patients who attended the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2020 to May 2023 were selected as the study participants, who were divided into the training set (598 cases) and the validation set (297 cases) using a simple random sampling method at a ratio of 7:3. The general information and biochemical indicators of the participants were collected to assess the risk factors for GLP-1RA-related GISEs, and multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the best predictors.

The characteristics of phthalate acid esters and bisphenol A in PM of a petrochemical city: Concentrations, compositions, and health risk assessment in Dongying.

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are recognized as common endocrine disruptors associated with various adverse effects on human health. However, limitations in existing systematic studies, particularly in air detection, have raised concerns about potential health risks from inhalation exposure. In this study, PM samples were collected in Dongying, a petrochemical city, from October 27 to December 6, 2021.

A novel particle size distribution correction method based on image processing and deep learning for coal quality analysis using NIRS-XRF.

The combined application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) has achieved remarkable results in coal quality analysis by leveraging NIRS's sensitivity to organic compounds and XRF's reliability for inorganic composition. However, variations in particle size distribution negatively affect the diffuse reflectance of NIRS and the fluorescence signal intensities of XRF, leading to decreased accuracy and repeatability in predictions. To address this issue, this study innovatively proposes a particle size correction method that integrates image processing and deep learning.

Predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has recently emerged as a key indicator of neurodegeneration. In this study, our hypothesis is that the levels of blood-derived NfL and its accumulation during the Parkinson's disease (PD) progression could serve as a potential biomarker for predicting subsequent cognitive decline. To investigate this, we conducted a study utilizing a large single-center cohort.

AttentionEP: Predicting essential proteins via fusion of multiscale features by attention mechanisms.

Identifying essential proteins is of utmost importance in the field of biomedical research due to their essential functions in cellular activities and their involvement in mechanisms related to diseases. In this research, a novel approach called AttentionEP for predicting essential proteins (EP) is introduced by attention mechanisms. This method leverages both cross-attention and self-attention frameworks, focusing on enhancing prediction accuracy through the integration of features across diverse scales.

Long-term prognostic factors and outcomes in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes: a clinical and biochemical marker analysis.

Background: MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) is a common subtype of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. However, few studies have explored the relationship between biochemical markers and prognosis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between clinical and biochemical markers and prognosis of patients with MELAS.

Engineered extrachromosomal oncogene amplifications promote tumorigenesis.

Focal gene amplifications are among the most common cancer-associated mutations but have proven challenging to engineer in primary cells and model organisms. Here we describe a general strategy to engineer large (more than 1 Mbp) focal amplifications mediated by extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) in a spatiotemporally controlled manner in cells and in mice. By coupling ecDNA formation with expression of selectable markers, we track the dynamics of ecDNA-containing cells under physiological conditions and in the presence of specific selective pressures.

Association Between Sleep Quality and Duration During Pregnancy and Risk of Infant Being Small for Gestational Age: Prospective Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Maternal sleep disturbance is a risk factor for adverse outcomes like preterm birth. However, the association of maternal sleep quality and duration with the risk of the infant being small for gestational age (SGA) remains inconclusive, and the specific critical window of vulnerability has yet to be clearly identified. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of maternal sleep quality and duration on the risk of having an SGA infant and to identify the critical window for this association.

Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide alleviates constipation by regulating intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota and their metabolites.

Constipation is a clinical condition characterized by reduced intestinal motility, dry and hardened stool, and prolonged retention. Common constipation medicines are less stable, and prolonged use can lead to dependency and side effects. , a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine, is frequently used to alleviate constipation.

Optimal frailty assessment tool for elderly patients with heart failure based on outcome prediction: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Frailty significantly influences the prognosis of elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure. The assessment of frailty is a critical initial step in the management of these patients, as a systematic and precise evaluation facilitates the identification of individuals at high risk. This identification enables timely and targeted interventions, which can subsequently reduce the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events and improve the quality of life for elderly patients with heart failure.

Construction of a back propagation neural network model for predicting urosepsis after flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy based on heparin-binding protein and C-reactive protein levels.

Objectives: To analyze the association of serum heparin-binding protein (HBP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with urosepsis following flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL) and to construct a back propagation neural network prediction model.

Methods: A total of 428 patients with kidney stones who underwent FURL were enrolled. Patients were divided into sepsis group (=42) and control group (=386) according to whether post-operative urosepsis developed.

Physiological responses to different temperature in the liver of Takifugu rubripes larvae revealed by integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.

Water temperature plays a vital role in shaping the physical conditions crucial for the growth, development and reproduction of fish species. Since limited comprehensive multi-omics analyses exploring the molecular mechanisms of temperature influences on the early life stages of fish. Here, the effects of temperature variations on the growth of Takifugu rubripes, a commercial teleost farmed in Asia were investigated.

Collaborative treatment of bone injury with water/acid-reactive nanomotors and photothermal effects.

We demonstrate the successful fabrication of a biocompatible nanomotor system for the active delivery of Mg/H and the promotion of bone fracture healing associated with photothermal effects . Mg is introduced onto one side of the surface of the single-walled carbon nanotube, functioning as a trigger for the controlled release of Mg/H by the microenvironment . The asymmetrical release of H is not only the active component that improves the bone repair capability via Mg/photothermal effects but also the propellant for the motion of the nanomotor.

Danggui Buxue decoction alleviates primary dysmenorrhea in rats by regulating the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/NF-κB pathway.

The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and uncover its mechanisms, thereby validating its traditional use. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), 38 compounds in DBD were identified. PD model rats were established via cold stimulation, estradiol benzoate, and oxytocin injections.

Deciphering spatial domains from spatially resolved transcriptomics through spatially regularized deep graph networks.

Background: Recent advancements in spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) have opened up unprecedented opportunities to explore gene expression patterns within spatial contexts. Deciphering spatial domains is a critical task in spatial transcriptomic data analysis, aiding in the elucidation of tissue structural heterogeneity and biological functions. However, existing spatial domain detection methods ignore the consistency of expression patterns and spatial arrangements between spots, as well as the severe gene dropout phenomenon present in SRT data, resulting in suboptimal performance in identifying tissue spatial heterogeneity.

Liraglutide modulates lipid metabolism via ZBTB20-LPL pathway.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide affecting lipid metabolism by regulating lipolysis and lipogenesis in cells and ob/ob mice.

Methods: 3 T3-L1 cells were treated with liraglutide in vitro, and differentially expressed genes were screened by RNA sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG (Kvoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses identified target genes for lipid regulation of liraglutide.

stMMR: accurate and robust spatial domain identification from spatially resolved transcriptomics with multimodal feature representation.

Background: Deciphering spatial domains using spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) is of great value for characterizing and understanding tissue architecture. However, the inherent heterogeneity and varying spatial resolutions present challenges in the joint analysis of multimodal SRT data.

Results: We introduce a multimodal geometric deep learning method, named stMMR, to effectively integrate gene expression, spatial location, and histological information for accurate identifying spatial domains from SRT data.