Research advances in branched-chain amino acid metabolism in tumors.

The metabolic reprogramming of amino acids is an important component of tumor metabolism. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) perform important functions in tumor progression. They are the important amino donor and are involved in the synthesis of various non-essential amino acids, nucleotides, and polyamines to satisfy the increased demand for nitrogen sources.

Accumulation of branched-chain amino acids reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8 T cells with enhanced effector function and anti-tumor response.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) provide nutrient signals for cell survival and growth. How BCAAs affect CD8 T cell functions remains unexplored. Herein, we report that accumulation of BCAAs in CD8 T cells due to the impairment of BCAA degradation in 2C-type serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP2Cm)-deficient mice leads to hyper-activity of CD8 T cells and enhanced anti-tumor immunity.

Preoperative administration of branched-chain amino acids reduces postoperative insulin resistance in rats by reducing liver gluconeogenesis.

Background: Postoperative insulin resistance (PIR) represents an important characteristic of metabolic response following surgical injury. Clinical outcomes are negatively correlated to postoperative insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, indicating a novel treatment for reducing postoperative insulin resistance is urgently needed. The current work aimed to assess the protective effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on glucose metabolism disorders induced surgically in a rat model, and to explore the underpinning mechanism.

Research on Logistics Distribution Center Location Based on Hybrid Beetle Antennae Search and Rain Algorithm.

The location of logistics distribution centers is a crucial issue in modern logistics distribution systems. In order to obtain a more reasonable solution, an effective optimization algorithm is essential. This paper proposes a new hybrid method, named the beetle antennae search-rain algorithm (BRA), for the problem of logistics distribution centers' location.

Aerobic Exercise Regulates Apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 Signaling Pathway to Improve Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.

Neuronal apoptosis is an important factor in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aerobic exercise (AE) enhances learning and memory, improves cognitive impairment, increases telomere binding protein expression, and decreases apoptosis regulators, but it remains unclear whether it can improve cognitive impairment caused by neuronal apoptosis in AD. Therefore, this study investigated whether an 8-week running table exercise intervention could reduce apoptosis and improve cognitive function in the hippocampal neurons of AD model mice.

Elevated BCAA Suppresses the Development and Metastasis of Breast Cancer.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are the three essential amino acids including leucine, isoleucine, and valine. BCAA metabolism has been linked with the development of a variety of tumors. However, the impact of dietary BCAA intake on breast tumor progression and metastasis remains to be fully explored.

One-year incidence rate of Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) and treatment characteristics in China.

Background: Little is known about the characteristics of Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) in China. In previous studies various identification approaches have led to a wide range of results, and it is unclear how Chinese patients compare to those in other studies.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records (EHR) from two major psychiatric hospitals in China.

Persistence With and Adherence to Paliperidone Palmitate Once-Monthly Injection for Schizophrenia Treatment in China and Japan.

To describe persistence with and adherence to paliperidone palmitate once-monthly injection (PP1M) compared to oral second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in patients with schizophrenia in real-world settings in China and Japan. Patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis (: F20.x) who received oral or injectable antipsychotics from study start (China: January 1, 2012; Japan: January 1, 2014) until December 31, 2017, were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Resulting from Antepartum Hemorrhage in Women with Placenta Previa and Its Associated Risk Factors: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) in women with placenta previa (PP) has been associated with increased perinatal complications. The present study aims to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes, and risk factors related to this condition.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University from January 2016 to September 2019, which included all women with PP.

Cluster equilibrium scheduling method based on backpressure flow control in railway power supply systems.

The purpose of the study is to solve problems, i.e., increasingly significant processing delay of massive monitoring data and imbalanced tasks in the scheduling and monitoring center for a railway network.

Association of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases with sources of ambient PM.

Previous studies have reported associations of short-term exposure to different sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and increased mortality or hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. Few studies, however, have focused on the short-term effects of source-specific PM on emergency room visits (ERVs) of respiratory diseases. Source apportionment for PM was performed with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and generalized additive model was applied to estimate associations between source-specific PM and respiratory disease ERVs.

Different cardiorespiratory effects of indoor air pollution intervention with ionization air purifier: Findings from a randomized, double-blind crossover study among school children in Beijing.

Indoor air pollution is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. Air purifiers are widely used to reduce indoor air pollutants. Ionization air purifiers are becoming increasingly popular for their low power consumption and noise, yet its health effects remain unclear.

Cardiorespiratory responses to low-level ozone exposure: The inDoor Ozone Study in childrEn (DOSE).

Background: Indoor air pollution has emerged as a significant environmental and public health concern in recent years. However, evidence regarding the cardiorespiratory effects of indoor ozone is limited, and the underlying biological mechanisms are unclear, especially in children. Our study aimed to assess the cardiorespiratory responses to indoor ozone exposure in children.

Different health effects of indoor- and outdoor-originated PM on cardiopulmonary function in COPD patients and healthy elderly adults.

Numerous research has explored the associations of outdoor or indoor fine particulate matter (PM ) and health effects; however, few studies compared the effects of indoor PM originated from outdoor (PM ) and indoor sources (PM ). To assess the associations of PM and PM with cardiopulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy elderly adults, blood pressure (BP) and pulmonary function were repeatedly examined in 43 COPD patients and their 32 healthy spouses in Beijing, China. Iron was used as tracer element to separate PM and PM .

Antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia in China and Japan.

Background: Although antipsychotic monotherapy is recommended as the main treatment for schizophrenia, antipsychotic polypharmacy is not rare in practice. However, longitudinal data on antipsychotic polypharmacy in schizophrenia treatment are limited.

Methods: This longitudinal database study described antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia in real-world settings in China and Japan.

Decreased 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis coincides with the induction of antitumor immunities in adult female B6C3F1 mice pretreated with genistein.

The objective of this study was to determine if genistein (GEN) modulation of the immune responses might contribute to the increased host resistances to tumors. A time-course study was performed in adult female B6C3F1 mice that had been exposed to GEN for 1-4 weeks at the dose level of 20 mg/kg by gavage. A significant increase in ex vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was observed in the periods of 2 weeks and 4 weeks.

Differential surface expression of CD18 and CD44 by neutrophils in bone marrow and spleen contributed to the neutrophilia in thalidomide-treated female B6C3F1 mice.

Previously, we have reported that thalidomide (Thd) can enhance neutrophil function in female B6C3F1 mice. The present study was intended to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the enhanced neutrophil responses following Thd treatment intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg) for 14 or 28 days. Treatment with Thd increased the numbers of neutrophils in the spleen, peripheral blood, bone marrow, peritoneal cavity and lungs of female B6C3F1 mice when compared to the vehicle control mice.

Stimulation of the immune response in B6C3F1 mice by genistein is affected by exposure duration, gender, and litter order.

The objective of this study was to determine whether immune responses could be differentially modulated by the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) in mice from the 1st and 2nd litters, and whether the effects were persistent or reversible. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to a control or GEN-containing diet at 25, 250, and 1250 microg/g for the 1st litters, and 500 microg/g for the 2nd litters from d 0 of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 22, and through feeding after weaning. At PND42, anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated splenic T-cell proliferation and the percentages of T cells were increased in mice from the 1st litters at 250 and 1250 microg/g GEN but not from the 2nd litters.

Genistein enhancement of respiratory allergen trimellitic anhydride-induced IgE production by adult B6C3F1 mice following in utero and postnatal exposure.

The objective of the present study was to determine if exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) during immune development had any effects on the production of IgE by adult mice following dermal treatment with trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a respiratory allergen. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to GEN either by feeding at 500 ppm or by gavage (20 mg/kg) for varied periods from gestation day (GD) 14 to postnatal day (PND) 84. In utero exposure to GEN by feeding increased the production of IgE at PND 84 in male mice but not in female mice.

Thalidomide enhances both primary and secondary host resistances to Listeria monocytogenes infection by a neutrophil-related mechanism in female B6C3F1 mice.

Previously, we have reported that thalidomide can modulate the immune responses in female B6C3F1 mice. Furthermore, thalidomide immunomodulation increased primary host resistance to intravenously infected Listeria monocytogenes. The present study was intended to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the enhanced host resistance to L.