Energy productivity, financial stability, and environmental degradation in an Eastern European country: Evidence from novel Fourier approaches.

The global transition to net zero is largely based on the existential threats of carbon emissions to humanity and global sustainability. Policymakers have committed to finding pathways that reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted. To get insights for policy making, this study aims at investigating the effect of financial stability and energy productivity on environmental degradation in Bulgaria using novel Fourier estimators.

Relevance of Intermittent Rivers and Streams in Agricultural Landscape and Their Impact on Provided Ecosystem Services-A Mediterranean Case Study.

Ecosystem services (ES), as an interconnection of the landscape mosaic pieces, along with temporal rivers (IRES) are an object of research for environmental planners and ecological economists, among other specialists. This study presents (i) a review on the importance of IRES and the services they can provide to agricultural landscapes; (ii) a classification tool to assess the impact of IRES to provide ES by agricultural landscapes; (iii) the application of the proposed classification to the Caia River in order to identify the importance of this intermittent river for its surrounding agricultural landscape. The classification of the ES follows the Common International Classification of Ecosystem (CICES) classification that was adapted for the purposes of this study.