Stroke survivors exhibit stronger lower extremity synergies in more challenging walking conditions.

The aim of this study was to examine how kinematic synergies are utilised as compensatory movements to stabilise foot positions under different walking task constraints in people with stroke. Ten (Males = 6, Females = 4) hemiplegic chronic stroke survivors volunteered to participate in this study, recruited from a rehabilitation centre. They completed a consent form and participated in treadmill walking tasks; flat, uphill, and crossing over a moving obstacle.

The Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Affected and Unaffected Sides of a Child with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with occupational therapy (OT) on gait impairment of a child (male, age: 13.2) with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). The treatment included 4 days a week of rTMS sessions for 3 weeks and 4 days of rTMS and OT sessions per week for 3 weeks.

Mountain Biking Injuries.

With the increasing popularity of mountain biking, also known as off-road cycling, and the riders pushing the sport into extremes, there has been a corresponding increase in injury. Almost two thirds of acute injuries involve the upper extremities, and a similar proportion of overuse injuries affect the lower extremities. Mountain biking appears to be a high-risk sport for severe spine injuries.

A Subtle Threat to Urban Populations in Developing Countries: Low Back Pain and its Related Risk Factors.

Study Design: A cross-sectional, population-based survey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, and biological and psychological correlates of low back pain (LBP) in large, populated urban areas.

Summary Of Background Data: LBP is a common and costly medical problem all around the world.

Association Between Hearing Loss And Cauliflower Ear in Wrestlers, a Case Control Study Employing Hearing Tests.

Background: According to anecdotal findings, some wrestling coaches and wrestlers believe that cauliflower ear might lead to hearing loss. Our preliminary study showed that the prevalence of hearing loss reported by the wrestlers with cauliflower ear is significantly higher than this rate among wrestlers without cauliflower ear. To the best of our knowledge, no other study has confirmed this finding employing hearing tests.

Low back pain functional disability in athletes; conceptualization and initial development of a questionnaire.

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent causes of disability not only in the general population but also in athletes. Despite a large number of self-reported back specific disability questionnaires, there is no specific, well documented, outcome measure for athletes suffering from back pain.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the main descriptive themes representing functional disability in athletes due to LBP.

Comparison of the thickness of lateral abdominal muscles between pregnant women with and without low back pain.

Objectives: To compare the thickness of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles in pregnant subjects with and without low back pain (LBP) by the use of ultrasound to measure thickness.

Design: A case-control study.

Setting: An academic and tertiary care referral spine and sports medicine center.

Reversal time of postprandial changes of the thickness of abdominal muscles employing ultrasound measurements.

Objectives: Low thickness of Transversus Abdominis, Internal Oblique and External Oblique muscles may play a role in development of low back pain. Ultrasonography is increasingly utilized to measure the thickness of these muscles. Prandial state has recently been proposed as a confounding factor in such measurements.

Development and evaluation of a basic physical and sports activity program for preschool children in nursery schools in iran: an interventional study.

Objective: The objectives of this study were a) to develop a physical activity program for nursery schools, and b) to evaluate the effects of this program on fundamental movement skills of preschool age children in Iran.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study 147 children from five nursery schools in five different cities in Iran were enrolled. A physical activity program was developed for nursery children.

Percentage of body fat and weight gain in participants in the tehran high school wrestling championship.

Purpose: Weight loss in wrestling has been found to be an interesting issue for researchers. In this regard, complications of weight loss in wrestlers before the competitions and their weight gain in course of competitions have been debated in previous studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent of weight gain and to estimate the percentage of body fat in participants in the Tehran high school male wrestling championship.