Development of a Short and ICD-11 Compatible Measure for Maladaptive Personality Traits Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms.

While () Section III and ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th-Revision) both allow for dimensional assessment of personality pathology, the models differ in the definition of maladaptive traits. In this study, we pursued the goal of developing a short and reliable assessment for maladaptive traits, which is compatible with both models, using the item pool of the Personality Inventory for (PID-5). To this aim, we applied ant colony optimization algorithms in English- and German-speaking samples comprising a total N of 2,927.

Aerobic capacity of older adults: a training study.

The effects of a four month aerobic conditioning program on heart rate, blood pressure, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and physical work capacity of 55-70 year old sedentary individuals were evaluated. Twenty-eight men and women participated in either 4 months of supervised fast walking or jogging at a prescribed target heart rate or stretching exercises for one hour, three days per week. Gains in VO2max (ml/kg/min) obtained during a Balke maximal treadmill test in aerobic and exercise control subjects were 27% and 9%, respectively.

Age and fitness effects on EEG, ERPs, visual sensitivity, and cognition.

Measures of EEG, event-related potentials (ERPs), visual sensitivity, and cognition were obtained from 30 young (20-31 years) and 30 older (50-62 years) healthy men. Age groups were evenly divided between subjects with low and high fitness levels documented by VO2max during a maximal exercise test. Age comparisons revealed that, compared to young adults, the older men had reduced visual sensitivity, delayed ERP latencies, greater homogeneity of EEG activity across recording sites, more positive visual-evoked potential (VEP) amplitude-intensity (A/I) slope, and poorer performance on a battery of neurocognitive tests.

Cardio-respiratory fitness of young and older active and sedentary men.

Physiological profiles are described for 30 healthy young (20-31 years) and 30 healthy older (50-62 years) men. Half of the individuals in each group reported that during the previous five years they participated frequently in strenuous physical exercises; the other half reported sedentary lifestyles. A treadmill exercise test was used to determine maximal aerobic power (VO2 max).

A Physiologic Profile Comparing Levels and Styles of Female Dancers.

In brief: A physiologic profile comparing 39 female dancers was undertaken to better understand the factors distinguishing four levels and styles of dance: professional ballet (PB), professional modern, university ballet, and university modern. The PB dancers had significantly lower VO2 max values on the tread-mill as well as lower peak blood lactate levels following the Wingate test for anaerobic capacity than the other dancers. The PB dancers also had a significantly higher isokinetic hamstring-quadriceps ratio than the modern dancers.

Isokinetic characteristics of the knee in female, professional and university, ballet and modern dancers*.

*Study conducted as part of thesis submitted by R.D.C.

Physical characteristics of patients with herniated intervertebral lumbar discs.

In an attempt to determine whether certain physical characteristics discriminated between people with and without herniated intervertebral lumbar discs, volunteers (N = 40) who were diagnosed as having a herniated lumbar disc were compared to control subjects (N = 40) who had been randomly selected and matched by age and sex. All subjects completed a questionnaire to determine the history of their back injury and a description of their exercise behavior patterns. Body composition was estimated by hydrostatic weighing.

An anthropometric estimation of body composition of older men.

This study sought to derive equations for the functions of estimating the body density (Db), lean body weight (LBW), and percentage body fat (PBF) of older men. Hydrostatic weighing was used to determine the criterion measures of 25 older men, 56 to 70 years of age (M = 62.1, SD = 4.

Total lung capacity, residual volume and predicted residual volume in a densitometric study of older men.

Results of investigations using various lung volumes for hydrostatic weighing determinations (HWD) appear to be inconclusive. Often, these lung volumes are predicted and not clinically determined. For this reason, total lung capacity (TLC), a measured residual volume (RV), and a predicted residual volume (PRV) were used during HWDs to compare the techniques.

Aerobic exercise training and improved neuropsychological function of older individuals.

The effects of a four month aerobic exercise conditioning program on neuropsychological test performance, depression indices, sensory thresholds, and visual acuity of 55-70 year old sedentary individuals were evaluated. Aerobically trained subjects were compared with two age-matched control groups of subjects: those who trained with strength and flexibility exercises and others who were not engaged in a supervised exercise program. The aerobically trained subjects demonstrated significantly greater improvement on the neuropsychological test battery than did either control group.

Physical characteristics of novice and experienced women marathon runners.

The physiological and anthropometric characteristics of 23 non-elite women marathoners were studied. Ten of these women had never run a marathon before (novices) and 13 had run at least one marathon during the previous year (experienced). A comparison of characteristics of these two groups to each other and to elite women marathoners, as reported in the literature, disclosed no significant (p greater than 0.

Descriptive analysis of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle torque in high school football players*.

The purpose of this study was to establish a range of acceptable torque values for competition in high school football. The results indicated that body weight can be used as an acceptable predictor of lower extremity muscular torque. Therefore, it was concluded that body weight can be utilized to produce an average range of desirable torque values for participation in high school football.

Essential Hypertension and Exercise.

In brief: Responses to a questionnaire given to physicians and clinic directors in the Salt Lake City area indicated the current practices in treating essential hypertension. The most common treatment was step-care drug therapy, although some used exercise as a treatment modality. The authors concluded that: (1) the value of exercise in treating hypertension is not completely understood; (2) the undesirable side effects of drug therapy suggest a closer examination of nonpharmacological treatment; (3) borderline or labile hypertensives are often not treated without specific indications; and (4) exercise physiologists might be helpful to physicians who want to use exercise therapy for their hypertensive patients.