Int J Biol Macromol
March 2025
With the aging of society and changes in lifestyle, the incidence of neurological diseases (NDs) has been increasing year by year, bringing a heavy burden to patients and society. Although the efficacy of chemical drugs in the treatment of NDs is remarkable, there are problems such as high side effects and high costs. Therefore, finding mild and efficient drugs for NDs treatment has become an urgent clinical need.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelenium (Se) is incorporated into selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine, which has biological functions associated with neural development. Unfortunately, the specific roles and mechanisms of selenoproteins at different stages of neuronal development are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we successfully established a neuronal model derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-iNeuron) and used Se nanoparticles (SeNPs@LNT) with high bioavailability to intervene at different stages of neural development in iPSC-iNeuron model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions. Different mutations on a single ASD gene contribute to heterogeneity of disease phenotypes, possibly due to functional diversity of generated isoforms. SHANK2, a causative gene in ASD, demonstrates this phenomenon, but there is a scarcity of tools for studying endogenous SHANK2 proteins in an isoform-specific manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroplastics (5 mm - 1 μm) have become one of the major pollutants in the environment. Numerous studies have shown that microplastics can have negative impacts on aquatic organisms, affecting their liver function levels. However, the extent of these effects and their potential toxicological mechanisms are largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, plant polysaccharides have garnered attention for their impressive biological activity. Mulberry leaves have a long history of medicinal and edible use in China, polysaccharide is one of the main active components of mulberry leaves, mainly consist of xylose, arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose and mannose, etc. The extraction methods of mulberry leaves polysaccharides (MLPs) mainly include hot water extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and co-extraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthnopharmacological Relevance: The traditional medicinal application of Lycium barbarum is centered on the improvement of eyesight, as well as the nourishment of liver and kidney functions. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), serving as the principal active constituent of Lycium barbarum, has been identified as the main contributor to these beneficial effects. Previous studies have indicated that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide exhibits a renoprotective effect against lead-induced injury, but its mechanism and efficacy remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
November 2023
In this study, we systematically collected relevant literature in the past five years on the intervention of natural polysaccharides in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and reviewed the pharmacological activities and potential mechanisms of action. Natural polysaccharides are effective in preventing liver tissue degeneration, inhibiting the alcohol-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, and abnormal hepatic lipid deposition. Natural polysaccharides regulate the expression of proteins, such as tight junction proteins, production of small molecule metabolites, and balance of intestinal flora in the intestinal tract to alleviate ALD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthnopharmacological Relevance: Opuntia speciesis used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus (DM). Polysaccharide is one of the main components of Opuntia. Opuntia polysaccharide (OPS) is a kind of natural active macromolecular substance, numerous animal experiments have been conducted to treat DM, however, its protective effect and mechanism in animal models of DM has not been clarified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has been widely applied to cell regeneration and disease modeling. However, most mechanism of somatic reprogramming is studied on mouse system, which is not always generic in human. Consequently, the generation of human iPSCs remains inefficient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransposable elements (TEs) make up a majority of a typical eukaryote's genome, and contribute to cell heterogeneity in unclear ways. Single-cell sequencing technologies are powerful tools to explore cells, however analysis is typically gene-centric and TE expression has not been addressed. Here, we develop a single-cell TE processing pipeline, scTE, and report the expression of TEs in single cells in a range of biological contexts.
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