Seasonal and climatic influence on respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) are the predominant bacteria found in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), significantly contributing to lung disease progression. While various factors influencing the initial acquisition (IA) of these pathogens are known, the impact of environmental conditions remains understudied. This epidemiological study assessed the risk of MSSA and Pa initial acquisitions in relation to seasonality and climatic zones among 1,184 French pwCF under 18 years old.

A Mail-Based HPV Self-Collection Program to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening in Appalachia: Results of a Group Randomized Trial.

Background: Despite the promise of mail-based human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection programs for increasing cervical cancer screening, few have been evaluated in the United States. We report the results of a mail-based HPV self-collection program for underscreened women living in Appalachia.

Methods: We conducted a group randomized trial from 2021 to 2022 in the Appalachian regions of Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virgnia.

Prompting Strategy Use and Beyond: Examining the Relationships between Elaboration, Quantity, and Diversity of Learning Strategies on Performance.

Elaboration is a generative learning strategy wherein learners link prior knowledge and experiences with to-be-remembered information. It is positively related to an array of learning outcomes. However, most students do not independently use generative learning strategies.

Provisions Related to Health, Nutrition, and Healthy Beverage Promotion in University Pouring Rights Contracts: A Content Analysis.

Purpose: Many universities maintain pouring rights contracts (PRCs) with beverage companies wherein one company exchanges sponsorship payments for exclusive beverage marketing rights. Separately, universities may have healthy beverage initiatives (HBIs) to encourage healthier choices on campus. This study aimed to assess how and how frequently PRCs included provisions related to health and nutrition to examine how PRCs may support or undermine HBIs.

Development of Community-Level Capacity of Resilience to Natural Hazards for Environmental- and Social-Justice-Challenged Communities: 1. Approach, Concepts, and Assessment of Existing Information.

Impoverished and under-served communities are often exposed to the worst environmental and climate hazards. Identifying these communities and building their resilience capacity to withstand such hazards is a vital justice aspect of environmental management. Building community resilience requires five activities: (1) examination of existing information, (2) community engagement and assessment of local knowledge, (3) development of reasonable strategies to build resilience, (4) implementation and these strategies, and (5) monitoring and transability of the process.

Septin-dependent defense mechanisms against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are stalled in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells.

Airway epithelial cells form a physical barrier against inhaled pathogens and coordinate innate immune responses in the lungs. Bronchial cells in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa because of the accumulation of mucus in the lower airways and an altered immune response. This leads to chronic inflammation, lung tissue damage, and accelerated decline in lung function.

Exploratory Analysis of Concordance Between Clinician-Collected and Self-Sampled Human Papillomavirus Tests in a Small Cohort of Average- and High-Risk Patients.

Objectives: Cervical cancer screening rates have stagnated, but self-sampling modalities have the potential to increase uptake. This study compares the test characteristics of self-sampled high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) tests with clinician-collected hrHPV tests in average-risk ( undergoing routine screening) and high-risk patients ( receiving follow-up after abnormal screening results).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a relatively small cohort of average-risk ( = 35) and high-risk ( = 12) participants completed both clinician-collected and self-sampled hrHPV testing, along with a brief phone survey.

Self-sampling tools to increase cancer screening among underserved patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Screening can reduce cancer mortality, but uptake is suboptimal and characterized by disparities. Home-based self-sampling can facilitate screening for colorectal cancer (with stool tests, eg, fecal immunochemical tests) and for cervical cancer (with self-collected human papillomavirus tests), especially among patients who face barriers to accessing health care. Additional data are needed on feasibility and potential effects of self-sampling tools for cancer screening among underserved patients.

Airway infections as a risk factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition and chronic colonisation in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection is detrimental to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Several clinical and genetic factors predispose to early Pa infections. However, the role of earlier infections with other pathogens on the risk of Pa infection in paediatric pwCF remains unknown.

Azithromycin Mechanisms of Action in CRS Include Epithelial Barrier Restoration and Type 1 Inflammation Reduction.

Objective: Previous in vitro transcriptomic profiling suggests azithromycin exerts its effects in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) via modulation of type 1 inflammation and restoration of epithelial barrier function. We wished to verify these postulated effects using in vitro models of epithelial repair and in vivo transcriptional profiling.

Study Design: Functional effects of azithromycin in CRS were verified using in vitro models of wounding.

Effect of Flagellin Pre-Exposure on the Inflammatory and Antifungal Response of Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Fungal Pathogens.

Bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) play a crucial role in innate immunity against inhaled fungi. Indeed, in response to microorganisms, BEC synthesize proinflammatory cytokines involved in the recruitment of neutrophils. We have recently shown that BEC exert antifungal activity against by inhibiting filament growth.

Modifier Factors of Cystic Fibrosis Phenotypes: A Focus on Modifier Genes.

Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is recognized as a monogenic disease, due to variants within the () gene, an extreme clinical heterogeneity is described among people with CF (pwCF). Apart from the exocrine pancreatic status, most studies agree that there is little association between variants and disease phenotypes. Environmental factors have been shown to contribute to this heterogeneity, accounting for almost 50% of the variability of the lung function of pwCF.

Pouring rights contracts between universities and beverage companies: Provisions related to scientific research.

Pouring rights contracts between universities and beverage companies are common and grant companies the exclusive right to serve, sell, and market specific beverages on campuses. In exchange, universities receive financial payments and other incentives. At the same time, beverage industry-sponsored research at universities has increased.

Incentives and penalties tied to sales volume in contracts between beverage companies and public universities in the United States.

Objective: To assess whether and how beverage companies incentivize universities to maximize sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales through pouring rights contracts.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of contracts between beverage companies and public U.S.

Utilization of Mammography During the Last Year of Life Among Older Breast Cancer Survivors.

Mammography is generally recommended for breast cancer survivors. However, discussion is ongoing about stopping surveillance mammography when life expectancy is <5-10 years as the benefit of screening might be diminished toward the end of life. The utilization pattern of mammography in the last year of life among this population has not been well studied.

SLC6A14 Impacts Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Severity mTOR and Epithelial Repair Modulation.

Cystic fibrosis (CF), due to pathogenic variants in gene, is associated with chronic infection/inflammation responsible for airway epithelium alteration and lung function decline. Modifier genes induce phenotype variability between people with CF (pwCF) carrying the same variants. Among these, the gene encoding for the amino acid transporter SLC6A14 has been associated with lung disease severity and age of primary airway infection by the bacteria .

Are Students Paid to Market Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Peers? A Review of University Pouring Rights Contracts.

Many university students regularly consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which are associated with obesity and related chronic diseases. Moreover, students are strongly influenced by both their peers and product marketing. Our exploratory study examined pouring rights contracts between universities and beverage companies, focusing on provisions establishing campus/brand ambassador positions and marketing/merchandising manager positions whose jobs are to market SSBs on campus.

Factors Predisposing the Response to Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in People with Cystic Fibrosis.

Lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUMA-IVA) therapy is prescribed to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) homozygous for the Phe508del- variant to restore CFTR protein function. There is, however, large inter-individual variability in treatment response. Here, we seek to identify clinical and/or genetic factors that may modulate the response to this CFTR modulator therapy.

Marketing of sugar-sweetened beverages to youth through U.S. university pouring rights contracts.

Child-targeted marketing can influence children's food preferences and childhood consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with negative health outcomes in both childhood and adulthood. This study explores how beverage companies are using pouring rights contracts (PRCs) with U.S.

Flagellin From Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells by Increasing TMPRSS2 Expression.

In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) health crisis, one major challenge is to identify the susceptibility factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in order to adapt the recommendations for populations, as well as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 development in the most vulnerable people, especially patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a critical role in the modulation of both immune responses and COVID-19 severity. SARS-CoV-2 infects the airway through the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and a host protease, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), plays a major role in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.

Risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection and lung function decline in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infections, leading to structural lung damage and decreased survival. The epidemiology of Pa infection and its impact on lung function in people with CF (pwCF), especially in recent birth cohorts, remain uncertain. Methods We included 1,231 French pwCF under 18 years of age.

Disparities in Cancer Screening: The Role of County-Level Metropolitan Status and Racial Residential Segregation.

Mortality from cervical and colorectal cancers can be reduced through routine screening, which can often be accessed through primary care. However, uptake of screening in the US remains suboptimal, with disparities observed across geographic characteristics, such as metropolitan status or level of racial residential segregation. Little is known about the interaction of metropolitan status and segregation in their relationship with cancer screening.

Association Between Dense Breast Legislation and Cancer Stage at Diagnosis.

Introduction: Many states have mandated breast density notification and insurance coverage for additional screening; yet, the association between such legislation and stage of diagnosis for breast cancer is unclear. This study investigates this association and examines the differential impacts among different age and race/ethnicity subgroups.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried to identify patients with breast cancer aged 40-74 years diagnosed between 2005 and 2016.