The effect of modulating platelet reactive oxygen species by the addition of antioxidants to prevent clearance of cold-stored platelets.

Background: It is known that the rapid clearance of cold-stored platelets is attributed to various storage lesions, including an abnormal increase in reactive oxygen species when platelets are exposed to cold temperatures. As an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine exhibits some significant effects on scavenging various reactive oxygen species and inhibiting cell damage and apoptosis.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine on reducing reactive oxygen species production and protecting cold-stored platelets from phagocytosis and clearance, and to determine the optimal concentration of N-acetylcysteine.

Adverse effects of microparticles on transfusion of stored red blood cell concentrates.

Background: Systemic and pulmonary coagulopathy and inflammation are important characteristics of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Whether microparticles that accumulate in transfused red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) have proinflammatory and procoagulant potential and contribute to adverse reactions of RBC transfusions is unclear.

Aim: To investigate the ability of microparticles in stored RBCs to promote thrombin generation and induce human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) activation and damage.

Significant Shifts in Microbial Communities Associated with Scleractinian Corals in Response to Algae Overgrowth.

Microbes play a key role in reef dynamics, mediating the competition between scleractinian corals and benthic algae; however, major shifts in bacterial communities among coral species in response to increases in the abundance of algae are not well understood. We investigated the taxonomic composition of coral-associated microbial communities under algae-overgrowth conditions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that non-algal (i.

MicroRNA-424-5p Alleviates Isoflurane Anesthesia-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neurons by Targeting FASN.

Isoflurane (ISO) is a type of anesthetic that might cause neurotoxicity in children. Although miR-424-5p is considerably downregulated in ISO-treated rat brain samples, its physiological role in ISO-induced neuronal injury in human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons remains unknown (hESC-derived neurons). miR-424-5p expression and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in ISO-treated hESC-derived neurons were tested via qRT-PCR.

MicroLet-7b Regulates Neutrophil Function and Dampens Neutrophilic Inflammation by Suppressing the Canonical TLR4/NF-κB Pathway.

Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response during the process of infection. Neutrophils are involved in the development of sepsis due to their essential role in host defense. COVID-19 is a viral sepsis.

14-3-3ζ Regulates the Platelet Apoptosis During Storage.

There is an increasing interest in the possibility of storing platelet concentrates below standard temperatures. The role of 14-3-3 proteins has been demonstrated in numerous cellular functions, including both its positive and negative roles in apoptosis. The 14-3-3ζ protein has a potential role in regulation of storage induced apoptosis in platelets.

The contribution of oxidative stress to platelet senescence during storage.

Background: Platelets for transfusion become senescent and dysfunctional during storage, resulting in a markedly short shelf life (5 days). We hypothesized that oxidative stress might account for this decline.

Study Design And Methods: Human platelets were treated with or without antioxidants before storage, and samples were collected and analyzed at different time points.

Efficient Therapeutic Function and Mechanisms of Human Polyclonal CD8CD103Foxp3 Regulatory T Cells on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice.

Objective: To investigate the potential therapeutic effect in a rheumatoid arthritis model of stable human CD8 regulatory T cells (hCD8Tregs) induced by TGF-1 and rapamycin (RAPA) .

Methods: Human CD8T cells were isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced/expanded with TGF-1 and RAPA along with anti-CD3/28 beads and IL-2 and harvested as hCD8Tregs. The phenotypes, suppressive characteristics, and stability of the hCD8Tregs in an inflammatory microenvironment were examined .

Baicalin inhibits IgG production by regulating Treg/Th17 axis in a mouse model of red blood cell transfusion.

This study was conducted to evaluate whether baicalin inhibits red blood cell (RBC) immunization and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We used human RBCs with adjuvant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and transfused mice to induce antibodies as an experimental system for studying the effect of baicalin on RBC immunization. Mice were divided into a human RBC transfused positive control group administered with human RBC and LPS intravenously once or weekly for 4 weeks, control group administered dexamethasone (DEX) intraperitoneally daily for 4 weeks, and treatment group administered baicalin intraperitoneally daily for 4 weeks.

Microparticles in red cell concentrates prime polymorphonuclear neutrophils and cause acute lung injury in a two-event mouse model.

Red cell-derived microparticles (RMPs) are potential mediators of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of microparticles present in red cell concentrates (RCC) on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) respiratory burst and acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Microparticles (MPs) in RCC supernatant were quantified using flow cytometry.

Bcl-x/Bak interaction and regulation by miRNA let-7b in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway of stored platelets.

Bcl-2 family proteins play key roles in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in platelets, with both pro- and antiapoptotic protein expressions regulating survival during ex vivo storage. We detected a significant decrease in antiapoptotic Bcl-x and increase in proapoptotic Bak expression on the third day of storage and as a result the ratio of Bak:Bcl-x also decreased. Moreover, we identified an interaction between Bcl-x and Bak.

Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and the correlation with human diseases.

The platelet is considered as an accessible and valuable tool to study mitochondrial function, owing to its greater content of fully functional mitochondria compared with other metabolically active organelles. Different lines of studies have demonstrated that mitochondria in platelets have function far more than thrombogenesis regulation, and beyond hemostasis, platelet mitochondrial dysfunction has also been used for studying mitochondrial-related diseases. In this review, the interplay between platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA lesions, electron transfer chain impairments, mitochondrial apoptosis and mitophagy has been outlined.

Adoptive Cell Therapy of Induced Regulatory T Cells Expanded by Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells on Murine Autoimmune Arthritis.

Objective: Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) can expand TGF--induced regulatory T cells (iTregs); however, the therapeutic utility of these expanded iTregs in autoimmune diseases remains unknown. We sought to determine the properties of iTregs expanded by mature tolerogenic dendritic cells (iTreg) in vitro and explore their potential to ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in a mouse model.

Methods: After induction by TGF- and expansion by mature tDCs (mtDCs), the phenotype and proliferation of iTreg were assessed by flow cytometry.

Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species play an important role in Doxorubicin-induced platelet apoptosis.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent; however; its use is limited by some side effects; such as cardiotoxicity and thrombocytopenia. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been intensively investigated; however; DOX-induced thrombocytopenia has not been clearly elucidated. Here we show that DOX-induced mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and glycoprotein (GP)Ibα shedding in platelets.

The Effect of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor on Neutrophil Function and the Relevant Signaling Pathway.

Background/aims: This study investigated the priming effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (fMLP)-activated neutrophils, by specific analysis of the neutrophil respiratory burst and the signaling pathway involved in S1P activity.

Methods: The neutrophil respiratory burst was indirectly detected by the cytochrome c reduction method and the dihydrorhodamine 123 staining method. The signal transduction pathways of neutrophil respiratory burst primed by S1P were detected by Western blotting.

[A preliminary study on the biological characteristics and function of tolerogenic dendritic cells induced by tacrolimus].

Objective: To explore the biological characteristics and the immuno-suppression function of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) induced by tacrolimus.

Methods: Human monocytes derived from peripheral blood were cultured in the cGMP-compliant CellGro DC medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4 to obtain dendritic cells (DCs), and 0.1 μmol/L immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus was added to the culture medium at the third and fifth day to obtain tDCs.

Tolerogenic dendritic cells modified by tacrolimus suppress CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and inhibit collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Background: Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) can be generated in vitro by a variety of methods, including genetic or pharmacological modification. DCs that were modified by the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus were considered to be endowed with tolerogenic functions.

Study Design And Methods: DCs derived from human monocytes were induced in vitro by GM-CSF/IL-4 with tacrolimus.

Regulatory effect of nicotine on collagen-induced arthritis and on the induction and function of in vitro-cultured Th17 cells.

Objectives: To determine the effect of nicotine stimulation on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), especially on Th17 cells, and the influence of activated acetylcholine receptor signaling on the induction and function of in vitro-cultured Th17 cells.

Methods: Mice were divided into control and experimental (nicotine) group, and PBS or nicotine-PBS was orally administered from Day 21 to Day 28. Phenotypic changes in spleen CD4(+) cells were measured by flow cytometry.

A mouse model of adoptive immunotherapeutic targeting of autoimmune arthritis using allo-tolerogenic dendritic cells.

Objective: Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) are immunosuppressive cells with potent tolerogenic ability and are promising immunotherapeutic tools for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is currently unknown whether allogeneic tDCs (allo-tDCs) induce tolerance in RA, and whether the numbers of adoptively transferred allo-tDCs, or the requirement for pulsing with relevant auto-antigens are important.

Methods: tDCs were derived from bone marrow precursors of C57BL/B6 mice, which were induced in vitro by GM-CSF, IL-10 and TGF-β1.

[The role of third-party tolerogenic dendritic cells in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host-disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice].

Objective: To explore the biological characteristic of third-party-derived tolerogenic DC(tDC) and the influence of third-party-derived tDC on acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) in mice.

Methods: tDC from bone marrow cells of D1 mice was cultured with low doses of GM-CSF, IL-10 and TGF-β1D1. The phenotype, expression of cytokines and function associated molecules were identified with FACS and RT-PCR.

[Effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor signal pathway on function of neutrophils].

The aim of this study was to examine the priming effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on fMLP-activated neutrophils, mainly to detect the neutrophil respiratory burst products, and to investigate the signaling pathway involved in S1P activity. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the new isolated neutrophil; the superoxide anion output was detected indirectly by cytochrome C reduction in respiratory burst; the dihydro-rhodamine 123 was used to detect the intensity of respiratory burst; the signal transduction pathways of neutrophil respiratory burst were explored by Western blot. The results showed that after pretreated with S1P, the level of superoxide anion released by fMLP-activated neutrophils significantly increased; the Rhodamine 123 mean fluorescence intensity in S1P primed fMLP-activated neutrophils group was significantly higher than that in fMLP treatment group; PI3K and Akt proteins involved in the signal pathway of neutrophil respiratory burst.

Comparative study of regulatory T cells expanded ex vivo from cord blood and adult peripheral blood.

In this study, we expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs) ex vivo from CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells from cord blood (CB) and CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(-) T cells from adult peripheral blood (APB) and compared the suppressive functions of the newly generated Tregs. The Tregs from CB and APB were expanded either in two cycles with a polyclonal stimulus or in two cycles with an alloantigen stimulus in the first cycle and a polyclonal stimulus in the second cycle. Cell yield after Treg expansion with polyclonal stimulation was greater than that of Tregs expanded with combined alloantigen and polyclonal stimulation.

Amelioration of acute graft-versus-host disease by adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded human cord blood CD4+CD25+ forkhead box protein 3+ regulatory T cells is associated with the polarization of Treg/Th17 balance in a mouse model.

Background: Human cord blood (CB) is a superior source of regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared with peripheral blood. Initial studies have shown that CB-derived Tregs can be effectively expanded ex vivo. However, in vitro suppressor activity of expanded CB-Tregs and their efficacy in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in vivo are poorly understood.

[A preliminary study on the influence of human plasma exosomes-like vesicles on macrophage Wnt5A-Ca²+ pathway].

Objective: To study the influence of human plasma exosomes-like vesicles on the regulatory function of macrophages.

Methods: The exosomes-like vesicles were purified from healthy donors plasma with a series of high-speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration. Macrophages were derived from cultured human blood monocytes.

Crystalloid and colloid preload for maintaining cardiac output in elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement under spinal anesthesia.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of colloid and crystalloid preload on cardiac output (CO) and incidence of hypotension in elderly patients under spinal anesthesia (SA). A randomized, double-blinded study was conducted including 47 elderly patients undergoing scheduled total hip replacement (THR), who were randomized to three groups: the control group (C group, n = 15), crystalloid (RS group, n =16) and colloid group (HES group, n = 16). An intravenous preload of 8 mL/kg of either lactated Ringer's solution in the RS group or 6% hydroxyethyl starch in the HES group was infused within 20 min before SA induction, while no intravenous preload was given in the C group.