Correction to: Assessment of vascular leakage and its development with FFA among patients treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF due to aggressive posterior ROP.

In the original publication, the authors' affiliations were published incorrectly.

In the Eye of the Storm: Immune-mediated Toxicities Associated With CAR-T Cell Therapy.

The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy with impressive response rates in hematologic malignancies but also promising data in solid tumors came along with the cognition of unexpected, potentially life-threatening immune-mediated toxicities, namely the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity recently referred to as "immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome" (ICANS). These toxicities require urgent diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and targeted modulation of key cytokine pathways represents the mainstay of CRS treatment. However, as the underlying mechanisms of ICANS are not well understood, treatment options remain limited and further investigation is warranted.

Single-incision midurethral sling shows less pain and similar success rate in a short-term follow-up compared to the transobturator tape method in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Objective: To compare the efficacy, complications, quality of life, and patient satisfaction rates in women treated for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) using the adjustable anchored single-incision midurethral sling (SIMS) and standard midurethral sling (MUS) procedures.

Material And Methods: A total of 113 women between October 2012 and October 2016 underwent either the adjustable SIMS (n=54) or MUS (n=57) procedure. The postoperative pain profile was assessed using a 10-point visual analog scale at the fixed time-point quality of life and an additional postoperative 3 week appointment.

Relationship between brain computed tomography findings and bispectral index score in patients presenting with head trauma.

Objective: Head trauma is one of the most important emergency health problems both in the world and in our country. The objective in our study is to (i) state the correlation between the findings of bispectral index score (BIS) and computed tomography (CT), which are used to evaluate the level of consciousness of patients with isolated head trauma, and (ii) investigate objective results about the patient's level of consiousness/alertness according to the CT modality, which is used frequently.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out between 03.

Simulation-Based Training of the Rapid Evaluation and Management of Acute Stroke (STREAM)-A Prospective Single-Arm Multicenter Trial.

Acute stroke care delivered by interdisciplinary teams is time-sensitive. Simulation-based team training is a promising tool to improve team performance in medical operations. It has the potential to improve process times, team communication, patient safety, and staff satisfaction.

Successful Treatment of Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus with High-Intensity Electroconvulsive Therapy - A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a severe neurological condition in which epileptic activity is prolonged or recurring, and the likelihood of spontaneous seizure cessation decreases over time. Evidence on the appropriate treatment regimen in therapy-refractory cases is still sparse. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is known as a last resort treatment for SE due its anticonvulsant properties mediated by an increase in seizure threshold during the course of a treatment series.

Initial and Sustained Response Effects of 3 Vagal Maneuvers in Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Randomized, Clinical Trial.

Background: For acute termination of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), vagal maneuvers, including the standard Valsalva maneuver (sVM), modified Valsalva (mVM) maneuver, and carotid sinus massage (CSM), are first-line interventions. There is no criterion standard technique.

Objective: This prospective, randomized study was aimed at analyzing the success rates of these 3 vagal maneuvers as measured by sustaining sinus rhythm at the fifth minute and SVT termination.

Spatial distributions of cholinergic impairment and neuronal hypometabolism differ in MCI due to AD.

Elucidating the relationship between neuronal metabolism and the integrity of the cholinergic system is prerequisite for a profound understanding of cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The cholinergic system can be investigated specifically using positron emission tomography (PET) with [C]N-methyl-4-piperidyl-acetate (MP4A), while neuronal metabolism is often assessed with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose-(FDG) PET. We hypothesised a close correlation between MP4A-perfusion and FDG-uptake, permitting inferences about metabolism from MP4A-perfusion, and investigated the patterns of neuronal hypometabolism and cholinergic impairment in non-demented AD patients.

Effects of N-acetyl cysteine, vitamin E and vitamin C on liver glutathione levels following amiodarone treatment in rats.

Introduction: Amiodarone, a pharmaceutical extensively used to suppress atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, is also known to cause many side effects on many tissues. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), vitamin E and vitamin C are known as antioxidants for their ability to minimize oxidative stress. In the peer-reviewed literature, there is no study reporting on the protective effects of these antioxidant agents against its hepatotoxicity.

Analysis of Macular Vessel Density and Foveal Avascular Zone in Adults with Amblyopia.

: To quantify and compare the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the whole, parafoveal and foveal vessel density of superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in amblyopic eyes of adults and age-matched controls.: This cross-sectional study involved 52 eyes from 34 subjects aged 18 to 45 years. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed to all participants and SCP, DCP and FAZ were evaluated.

Do success rate, complications of transobturator tape procedure differ based on experienced surgeon or residents?

Objectives: To investigate the postoperative surgical complications and patient satisfaction with the outside-in transobturator tape (TOT) procedure performed by an experienced surgeon compared to those performed by residents in training.

Methods: Patients who received TOT surgery performed by a resident under supervision of a faculty were included in group 1 (n = 31) whereas, patients operated by the same faculty were included in group 2 (n = 26). Both groups were compared for demographic data, procedure results, satisfaction rates as well as intraoperative and early postoperative (urinary retention, vaginal erosion, dyspareunia, infection, abnormal discharge) complications.

[Can biomarkers help us to understand the pathogenesis of coronary slow flow? Endocan and omentin-I in slow coronary flow phenomenon].

Objective: The pathophysiology of the slow coronary flow (SCF) phenomenon is still unclear. The two most frequently cited mechanisms of SCF are endothelial dysfunction and subclinical diffuse atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of SCF to serum endocan levels which is associated with endothelial dysfunction and to serum omentin-I levels which is associated with atherosclerosis.

The effects of antibiotics and melatonin on hepato-intestinal inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis induced by a short-term high-fat diet consumption in rats.

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption leads to metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis. Antibiotics also disrupt the composition of intestinal microbiota. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a short-term feeding with HFD on oxidative status, enteric microbiota, intestinal motility and the effects of antibiotics and/or melatonin treatments on diet-induced hepato-intestinal dysfunction and inflammation.

Low tube voltage increases the diagnostic performance of dual-energy computed tomography in patients with acute appendicitis.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the utility of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging in diagnosing acute appendicitis (AA) with density measurements of the appendix vermiformis.

Methods: A total of 210 consecutive patients presenting with acute abdominal pain were scanned using DECT between January and October 2016. Twenty-six patients had pathologically confirmed AA, while 30 had normal appendices.

Primary lymphomas of the intraabdominal solid organs and the gastrointestinal tract: spectrum of imaging findings with histopathological confirmation.

Unlike nodal lymphoma, primary lymphomas of the intraabdominal organs are uncommon neoplasms whose diagnosis may be challenging in certain clinical circumstances. Despite this difficulty for imaging diagnosis, there are several imaging features on ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography that may suggest the correct diagnosis. The scope of this review is to describe and illustrate the imaging features of primary lymphoma of intraabdominal organs providing clues to the diagnosis, together with their pathological correlations.

Level of education mitigates the impact of tau pathology on neuronal function.

Purpose: Using PET imaging in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), we investigated whether level of education, a proxy for resilience, mitigates the harmful impact of tau pathology on neuronal function.

Methods: We included 38 patients with mild-to-moderate AD (mean age 67 ± 7 years, mean MMSE score 24 ± 4, mean years of education 14 ± 4; 20 men, 18 women) in whom a [F]AV-1451 scan (a measure of tau pathology) and an [F]FDG scan (a measure of neuronal function) were available. The preprocessed PET scans were z-transformed using templates for [F]AV-1451 and [F]FDG from healthy controls, and subsequently thresholded at a z-score of ≥3.

Aneurysmatic subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Introduction: Aneurysmatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (aSAH) is typically caused by extravasated blood in the subarachnoid space due to a ruptured aneurysm. aSAH is often life-threatening in the acute stage, but may also cause secondary brain damage due to delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) and other complications in the days and weeks after the initial bleeding. Rapid onset of a most severe headache is a typical sign of a non-traumatic aSAH besides a reduced level of consciousness and neurologic deficits.

Assessment of the Relationship Between Serum High Molecular Weight Adiponectin Hormone Levels and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of insulin resistance (IR) and the relationship between IR and high-molecular weight adiponectin (HMWA) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A cross sectional study involving 43 women with PCOS and 39 normal women was carried out over a period of nine months. Fasting glucose and insulin levels, lipid parameters and androgen levels were measured in all serum samples.

Decellularization of rat adipose tissue, diaphragm, and heart: a comparison of two decellularization methods.

Decellularization is a process that involves the removal of cellular material from the tissues and organs while maintaining the structural, functional, and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to carry out decellularization of rat adipose tissue, diaphragm, and heart by using two different methods in order to compare their efficiency and investigate proliferation profiles of rat adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) on these scaffolds. Tissues were treated with an optimized detergent-based decellularization (Method A) and a freeze-and-thaw-based decellularization (Method B).

Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Pre-Eclampsia: A Preliminary Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis on Choroidal Thickness for Disease Severity.

: To evaluate qualitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and quantitative parameters, such as central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveolar choroidal thickness (SFCT), in the eyes of preeclamptic women. : The prospective, comparative, cross-sectional study included 52 eyes of 52 preeclamptic (PE) women and 54 eyes of 54 healthy pregnant women in their second or third trimester. Central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveolar choroidal thickness (SFCT), were evaluated in relation to presence of positive qualitative OCT findings such as any subretinal or intraretinal fluid, irregularity on the external photoreceptor and RPE layer, or presence of pigment epithelial detachment.

An open/pilot trial of cognitive behavioral therapy in Turkish patients with refractory chronic migraine.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain management is a therapy that aims to modify thoughts and behavior to be more realistic and balanced. There are limited number of studies to assess the efficacy of CBT for patients with pharmacotherapy-resistant chronic migraine in our population. We aimed to invstigate the effects of CBT for patients with refractory chronic migraine on pain attack frequency, disability, severity, anxiety and depression.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin: A Good Choice for Acute Cerebellar Ataxia Associated with Varicella.

Postinfectious cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in childhood. The most frequently associated viral agent is varicella. Acute cerebellar ataxia is considered benign, and its symptoms usually diminish within several weeks.

Fluoride related changes in behavioral outcomes may relate to increased serotonin.

Fluoride ingestion has been linked to changes in behavior in mice and rats, related to dose, sex of the animal, and the timing of exposure. Previous studies have shown the behavior of female rats to be most affected by postnatal fluoride exposure, and in this study we determined the effects of postnatal fluoride exposure on anxiety related behavior and serotonin. Mice given 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water had increased entries in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, suggesting reduced anxiety.

Atypical Autoimmune Encephalitis With Neuropil Antibodies Against a Yet Unknown Epitope.

Autoimmune encephalitis often causes acute psychiatric symptoms and epileptic seizures. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that depending on the target antigen both symptoms and disease severity may vary. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of antibody subtypes are highly relevant for personalizing the treatment and to prevent relapses.