[Osteoporosis-Definition, risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment (update 2024) : Guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research].

Background: Austria is among the countries with the highest incidence and prevalence of osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Guidelines for the prevention and management of osteoporosis were first published in 2010 under the auspices of the then Federation of Austrian Social Security Institutions and updated in 2017. The present comprehensively updated guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research are aimed at physicians of all specialties as well as decision makers and institutions in the Austrian healthcare system.

Compared to I-MIBG SPECT/CT, F-DOPA PET/CT provides accurate tumor extent in patients with extra-adrenal paraganglioma.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of I-MIBG SPECT/CT with that of F-DOPA PET/CT for staging extra-adrenal paragangliomas (PGLs) using both functional and anatomical images (i.e., combined cross-sectional imaging) as the reference standards.

Osteoprotegerin Levels Decrease in Abstinent Alcohol-Dependent Patients.

Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a parameter of increasing interest in the search for pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). It has been shown to be increased in alcohol-dependent subjects. In our study, we wanted to examine whether changes in OPG and receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) levels during an 8-week abstinence period in alcohol-dependent patients treated in an alcohol rehabilitation clinic would occur and whether alcohol-related variables, smoking, status, or physical activity prior to the study served as an influence on BMD and on OPG/RANKL levels.

(68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT provides accurate tumour extent in patients with extraadrenal paraganglioma compared to (123)I-MIBG SPECT/CT.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of (123)I-MIBG SPECT/CT with that of (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT for staging extraadrenal paragangliomas (PGL) using both functional and anatomical images (i.e. combined cross-sectional imaging) as the reference standards.

Low bone mineral density in Friedreich ataxia.

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most common inherited neurodegenerative ataxia. Apart from predominant neurological features an involvement of the skeletal system in terms of scoliosis and foot deformities is frequent. Disease-related falls, mobility restrictions, and wheelchair-dependency in later disease stages might additionally compromise bone structure in FRDA.

A retrospective comparison between 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT and 18F-DOPA PET/CT in patients with extra-adrenal paraganglioma.

Purpose: (18)F-Fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine ((18)F-DOPA) PET offers high sensitivity and specificity in the imaging of nonmetastatic extra-adrenal paragangliomas (PGL) but lower sensitivity in metastatic or multifocal disease. These tumours are of neuroendocrine origin and can be detected by (68)Ga-DOTA-Tyr(3)-octreotide ((68)Ga-DOTA-TOC) PET. Therefore, we compared (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC and (18)F-DOPA as radiolabels for PET/CT imaging for the diagnosis and staging of extra-adrenal PGL.

Clinical aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of hypercalcemia. An autonomous overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to hypercalcemia, which is not downregulated by the calcium-sensing receptor, is the pathophysiological basis of the disease. The classical manifestations of PHPT include a generalized bone disease, kidney stones, and nephrocalcinosis, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neuromuscular and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Unrecognized paraganglioma of the urinary bladder as a cause for basilar-type migraine.

Extra-adrenal paraganglioma with isolated localization in the urinary bladder is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. Although the typical symptoms like headache, nausea, weight loss, flushing, heart palpitation or paroxysmal hypertension during micturition are well established, we present an unusual case of bladder paraganglioma, 'misdiagnosed' with basilar-type migraine due to headache for the past 8 years. As urologists linked the presence of a tumor (by CT) and symptoms connected with micturition, no cystoscopy and no transurethral resection of the bladder was performed prior to detailed diagnostic workup.

Markers of bone resorption and formation during abstinence in male alcoholic patients.

Background: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly found in alcohol-dependent patients. Many risk factors have been reported, yet the course of markers of bone formation and resorption in abstinent alcoholic patients have not received much attention.

Methods: In a prospective longitudinal study, we investigated BMD in male abstinent inpatients of an alcohol rehabilitation clinic aged 21 to 50 years at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment.

Biomarkers of bone turnover in diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis: a consensus advice from an Austrian working group.

Aim: Reasonable application of laboratory parameters in prevention, diagnosis, treatment and therapy monitoring of osteoporosis.

Target Groups: Physicians from different specialist disciplines (general medicine, geriatrics, gynaecology, urology, internal medicine-especially endocrinology and metabolism, nephrology, laboratory medicine, rheumatology, nuclear medicine, orthopaedics, paediatrics, rehabilitation and physical medicine, radiology, social medicine, transplantation medicine, accident surgery), moreover social insurances, hospitals and self-help groups.

Background: Evaluation of aetiology of bone disorders, widening of the therapeutic spectrum for diseases of bone and knowledge on biochemical markers of bone turnover.

Low bone mineral density and impaired bone metabolism in young alcoholic patients without liver cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Osteoporosis is regularly mentioned as a consequence of alcoholism. Ethanol's direct effect on bone-modeling cells as well as alcoholism-related "life-style factors" such as malnutrition, lack of exercise, hormonal changes, and liver cirrhosis are discussed as potential causative factors.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we have examined 57 noncirrhotic alcoholic patients (37 male, 20 female) aged 27 to 50 years.

Cholestasis and metabolic bone disease - a clinical review.

Metabolic bone disease, mainly osteopenia/osteoporosis and occasionally osteomalacia, is a major extrahepatic manifestation of chronic cholestatic liver disease (synonym: hepatic osteodystrophy). Reduced bone mineral density is found in up to 60% and atraumatic fractures in about 20% of patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatic osteodystrophy is characterized by reduced formation and increased resorption of bone; major risk factors are chronic cholestasis and advanced cirrhosis.

Osteoporosis in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: Osteoporosis is regularly mentioned as a possible consequence of treatment with prolactin-increasing antipsychotic medications, but little is known about the prevalence and the degree of loss of bone mineral density in patients suffering from schizophrenia. The authors' goals were to investigate the association between schizophrenia and a decrease in bone mineral density and to get more insight into potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Method: In a cross-sectional study, the authors used dual x-ray absorptiometry to determine bone mineral density of 75 inpatients and outpatients suffering from schizophrenia.