Association Between Circulating Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure: A Review.

Purpose Of Review: High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (HTN) remains key risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulating fatty acids (FAs) in the blood can affect directly cardiovascular hemodynamics and serves as building blocks for endocrine mediators modifying inflammatory processes and vascular function. This review aims to describe optimal circulating FA profiles for BP to adjust dietary recommendations for HTN prevention.

Proportions of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes of Canadian adults before the prohibition of partially hydrogenated oils in foods: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2015.

Background: The partially hydrogenated oil (PHO) prohibition came into effect in Canada in September 2018 to reduce the intakes of total trans fatty acids (t-TFAs) and industrially produced TFAs (i-TFAs).

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the red blood cell (RBC) proportions of t-TFA (primary objective) and total 18:1 TFA (secondary objective) of adults in Canada before the PHO prohibition and to identify the population subgroups at risk of higher TFA intakes.

Methods: We pooled data from 4025 adult participants of the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 3 and 4 (2012-2015).

Corrigendum: Revisiting multi-omics-based predictors of the plasma triglyceride response to an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.

Revisiting multi-omics-based predictors of the plasma triglyceride response to an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.

Background: The aim of the present study was to identify the metabolomic signature of responders and non-responders to an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation, and to test the ability of a multi-omics classifier combining genomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic features to discriminate plasma triglyceride (TG) response phenotypes.

Methods: A total of 208 participants of the Fatty Acid Sensor (FAS). Study took 5 g per day of fish oil, providing 1.

Novel high-oleic oil consumption for cardiometabolic health: a narrative review.

Several cardiometabolic disorders are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and prevention is imperative in reducing the burden of these diseases on the healthcare system. Although novel high-oleic acid oils (HOOs) are now commonly used for high-temperature frying in both foodservice and the manufacture of processed foods, there are still limited data regarding their effects on CVD risk. This narrative review aims to clarify these effects by comparing HOOs with saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich oils, first regarding their physicochemical properties and then concerning their effects on CVD risk factors using recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Predictive model for vitamin C levels in hyperinsulinemic individuals based on age, sex, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein, and immune-associated serum proteins.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an important water-soluble antioxidant associated with decreased oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. A previous targeted plasma proteomic study has indicated that ascorbic acid is associated with markers of the immune system in healthy subjects. However, the association between the levels of ascorbic acid and blood biomarkers in subjects at risk of developing T2D is still unknown.

Dairy Intake Modifies the Level of the Bile Acid Precursor and Its Correlation with Serum Proteins Associated with Cholesterol Clearance in Subjects with Hyperinsulinemia.

Bile acids regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Further, the levels of bile acids can be influenced by the intake of dairy products. Although the serum proteome can provide information on the biological pathways associated with different metabolites, it is unknown whether the intake of dairy modifies such associations between bile acids and the proteome.

Lack of change in blood pressure and arterial stiffness after high dairy intake in hyperinsulinemic subjects: a cross-over randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate the effects of high dairy (HD) (≥4 servings/day), compared to adequate dairy (AD) (2-3 servings/day as per Canada's Food Guide for Healthy Eating (2007)), on blood pressure (BP) and measures of arterial stiffness in hyperinsulinemic subjects. In this cross-over clinical trial, hyperinsulinemic adults were randomized to AD and HD for 6 weeks. Anthropometric, glycemic, and lipid parameters were analyzed and dietary intake was evaluated; BP, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and measures of arterial stiffness were assessed.

Docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae oil supplementation in mothers of preterm infants is associated with a modification in breast milk oxylipins profile.

Oxylipins are derived from enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are known to be involved in inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to describe the breast milk oxylipin profile following a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of mothers of preterm infants.

Encapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid and ruminant trans fatty acids to study the prevention of metabolic syndrome-a review.

Studies have reported the potential benefits of consuming conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFAs) in reducing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, encapsulation of CLA and R-TFAs may improve their oral delivery and further decrease the risk factors of MetS. The objectives of this review were (1) to discuss the advantages of encapsulation; (2) to compare the materials and techniques used for encapsulating CLA and R-TFAs; and (3) to review the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs on MetS risk factors.

C57bl/6 Mice Show Equivalent Taste Preferences toward Ruminant and Industrial Trans Fatty Acids.

Two distinct types of trans fatty acids (TFA) are found in the diet. Industrial TFA such as elaidic acid (EA) have deleterious effects on metabolic risk factors, and oppositely ruminant TFA including trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA) may have beneficial effects. The objective is to evaluate the taste preference between EA, TPA, lecithin or water.

Modulation of gene expression profile following consumption of high-dairy products in subjects with hyperinsulinemia.

Background And Aim: Dysregulation of gene expression is associated to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Further, research indicates that dairy consumption may potentially affect gene expression. The aim of this study was to examine if genes and pathways associated with T2D are differentially changed in subjects with hyperinsulinemia after high dairy (HD) diet.

Clinical Practice Guidelines Using GRADE and AGREE II for the Impact of Genetic Variants on Plasma Lipid/Lipoprotein/Apolipoprotein Responsiveness to Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Background: A recent systematic review, which used the GRADE methodology, concluded that there is strong evidence for two gene-diet associations related to omega-3 and plasma triglyceride (TG) responses. Systematic reviews can be used to inform the development of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Objective: To provide guidance for clinical practice related to genetic testing for evaluating responsiveness to dietary/supplemental omega-3s and their impact on plasma lipids/lipoproteins/apolipoproteins.

Dairy Product Intake Modifies MicroRNA Expression among Individuals with Hyperinsulinemia: A Post-Intervention Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: MicroRNA (miRNA) profiles have been shown to change after intake of dairy products. Dysregulation of miRNA is associated with the changes in the level of glycemic parameters. The objectives are: (1) to investigate miRNA expression after consumption of dairy products and (2) to study the association between miRNAs and glycemic profile among individuals with hyperinsulinemia.

Nutrigenetics, omega-3 and plasma lipids/lipoproteins/apolipoproteins with evidence evaluation using the GRADE approach: a systematic review.

Objectives: Despite the uptake of nutrigenetic testing through direct-to-consumer services and healthcare professionals, systematic reviews determining scientific validity are limited in this field. The objective of this review was to: retrieve, synthesise and assess the quality of evidence (confidence) for nutrigenetic approaches related to the effect of genetic variation on plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein responsiveness to omega-3 fatty acid intake.

Design: A systematic review was conducted using three search engines (Embase, Web of Science and Medline) for articles published up until 1 August 2020.

Docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae oil supplementation on breast milk fatty acid profile of mothers who delivered prematurely: a randomized clinical trial.

Preterm infants are deficient in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid (FA) associated with an increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In two previous randomized control trials, DHA supplementation did not reduce the risk of BPD. We examined the breast milk FA profile, collected 14 days after birth, of mothers who delivered before 29 weeks of gestation and who were supplemented with DHA-rich algae oil or a placebo within 72 h after birth as part of the MOBYDIck trial.

Impact of Dairy Intake on Plasma F-IsoProstane Profiles in Overweight Subjects with Hyperinsulinemia: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

F-IsoProstanes (F-IsoPs) are major biomarkers of oxidative stress and are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Further, plasma levels of F-IsoPs may be modified by dairy products. The aim is to investigate the effect of high dairy product (HD) consumption compared to an adequate dairy product (AD) consumption on the level of F-IsoPs among hyperinsulinemic subjects.

Genomics and Personalized Nutrition.

Genomics technologies can be used to study the relationship between the human genome, nutrition, and health [...

Effect of Yogurt Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors: a Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises risk factors such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Here we described the outcome of various yogurt consumption, either conventional, low-fat, high-fat, Greek, or enriched with nutrients or probiotics: (1) on the parameters of MetS risk factors and (2) on the mechanisms of action of the MetS risk factors.

Recent Finding: The majority (25 studies) of clinical trials and meta-analyses of clinical trials reported a beneficial effect of yogurt consumption in the prevention of MetS risk.

Statistical and Machine-Learning Analyses in Nutritional Genomics Studies.

Nutritional compounds may have an influence on different OMICs levels, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics. The integration of OMICs data is challenging but may provide new knowledge to explain the mechanisms involved in the metabolism of nutrients and diseases. Traditional statistical analyses play an important role in description and data association; however, these statistical procedures are not sufficiently enough powered to interpret the large integrated multiple OMICs (multi-OMICS) datasets.

Residual Solvents in Nanomedicine and Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems: a Case Study to Better Understand Processes.

Purpose: Complexities surrounding the manufacture and quality control of nanomedicines become increasingly apparent. This research article offers a case study to investigate how, at the laboratory scale, various stages of liposome and nanoparticle synthesis affect the amount of residual solvent found in the formulations. The objective is to bring insights on the reliability of each of these processes to provide final products which meet regulatory standards and facilitate identifying possible bottleneck early during the development process.

Drinkable lecithin nanovesicles to study the biological effects of individual hydrophobic macronutrients and food preferences.

Fundamental nutritional studies on bioactive molecules require minimizing exposure to confounding foreign elements, like solvents. Herein, aqueous formulations of lecithin nanovesicles are proposed to study three individual trans fatty acids relevant to human nutrition: elaidic acid, trans-vaccenic acid and trans-palmitoleic acid. This proof-of-concept study describes the encapsulation of fatty acids, in vivo bioavailability, and the use of nanovesicles in behavioral experiments.