Circulating Amino Acid Concentration after the Consumption of Pea or Whey Proteins in Young and Older Adults Affects Protein Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes.

As older adults tend to reduce their intake of animal-source proteins, plant-source proteins may offer valuable resources for better protein intake. The aim of this study was to assess whether the pea proteins can be used to achieve blood amino acid levels that stimulate muscle protein synthesis. We measured variations in plasma amino acid concentrations in young and older adults given pea (NUTRALYS S85 Plus) or whey proteins either alone or in a standardized meal.

Evaluating the Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) and Response Adjusted for Duration of Antibiotic Risk (RADAR) for Clinical Trials of Antibiotics in Pediatric Pneumonia.

Objective outcomes for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are lacking. The desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) and response adjusted for duration of antibiotic risk (RADAR) outcome encompass clinical benefit and adverse effects, while also accounting for antibiotic exposure. We evaluated DOOR/RADAR through simulations and compared sample size considerations to non-inferiority designs in a hypothetical trial comparing antibiotics to no antibiotics (i.

Eccentric Muscle Strengthening Using Maximal Contractions Is Deleterious in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To show the superiority of eccentric versus concentric strengthening in terms of improving quadriceps strength in knee osteoarthritis (OA), a randomized controlled study was conducted to perform 12 sessions of either eccentric or concentric isokinetic muscle strengthening over 6 weeks. We recruited males and females, aged between 40 and 70 years, with predominantly unilateral femorotibial OA. Exclusion criteria were having a prosthesis, inflammatory arthritis or flare-up of OA, symptomatic patellofemoral OA, cardiovascular or pulmonary disease that could be a contraindication to the study treatment, and any pathology that could cause muscle weakness.

Bias between capnometry and venous carbon dioxide during initial assessment of pediatric emergency department patients: A video-based study.

Objective: The bias of capnometry (ETCO) and venous carbon dioxide (vpCO) among pediatric emergency department (PED) patients triaged to critical care areas is unknown. We aimed to explore correlations and bias between ETCO and vpCO¸and identify predictors of bias.

Methods: This was an observational, video-based, retrospective study comparing ETCO and vpCO.

Time to Clinical Stability in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Background And Objectives: Time to clinical stability (TCS) is a commonly used outcome in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), yet few studies have evaluated TCS in children. Our objective was to determine the association between TCS and disease severity in children with suspected CAP, as well as factors associated with reaching early stability.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of children (aged 3 months to 18 years) hospitalized with suspected CAP.

Safer Type 1 Diabetes Care at Home: SEIPS-based Process Mapping with Parents and Clinicians.

Introduction: The limited data indicate that pediatric medical errors in the outpatient setting, including at home, are common. This study is the first step of our to address medication errors and treatment delays among children with T1D in the outpatient setting. We aimed to identify failures and potential solutions associated with medication errors and treatment delays among outpatient children with T1D.

Haemodynamic compensations for exercise tissue oxygenation in early stages of COPD: an integrated cardiorespiratory assessment study.

Background: Cardiovascular comorbidities are increasingly being recognised in early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) yet complete cardiorespiratory functional assessments of individuals with mild COPD or presenting with COPD risk factors are lacking. This paper reports on the effectiveness of the cardiocirculatory-limb muscles oxygen delivery and utilisation axis in smokers exhibiting no, or mild to moderate degrees of airflow obstruction using standardised cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods: Post-bronchodilator spirometry was used to classify participants as 'ever smokers without' (n=88), with 'mild' (n=63) or 'mild-moderate' COPD (n=56).

Assessing the Revised Safer Dx Instrument in the understanding of ambulatory system design changes for type 1 diabetes and autism spectrum disorder in pediatrics.

Objectives: We sought within an ambulatory safety study to understand if the Revised Safer Dx instrument may be helpful in identification of diagnostic missed opportunities in care of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: We reviewed two months of emergency department (ED) encounters for all patients at our tertiary care site with T1D and a sample of such encounters for patients with ASD over a 15-month period, and their pre-visit communication methods to better understand opportunities to improve diagnosis. We applied the Revised Safer Dx instrument to each diagnostic journey.

Mitochondrial Function in Healthy Human White Adipose Tissue: A Narrative Review.

As ¾ of the global population either have excess or insufficient fat, it has become increasingly critical to understand the functions and dysfunctions of adipose tissue (AT). AT serves as a key organ in energy metabolism, and recently, attention has been focused on white AT, particularly its mitochondria, as the literature evidence links their functions to adiposity. This narrative review provides an overview of mitochondrial functionality in human white AT.

Viral Detection Is Associated With Severe Disease in Children With Suspected Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Objective: To evaluate the role of virus detection on disease severity among children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: We performed a single-center prospective study of children presenting to a pediatric ED with signs and symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection and who had a chest radiograph performed for suspected CAP. We included patients who had virus testing, with results classified as negative for virus, human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and other viruses.

Impact of Adjunct Corticosteroid Therapy on Quality of Life for Children With Suspected Pneumonia.

Objective: To determine the association between adjunct corticosteroid therapy and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in children with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and clinical suspicion for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Secondary analysis from a prospective cohort study of children aged 3 months to 18 years with signs and symptoms of LRTI and a chest radiograph for suspected CAP in the ED, excluding children with recent (within 14 days) systemic corticosteroid use. The primary exposure was receipt of corticosteroids during the ED visit.

Eccentric and concentric exercises induce different adaptions in adipose tissue biology.

Alterations in adipose tissue (AT) metabolism related to inflammation and adipokine's production lead to perturbations in its capacity to store lipids and release fatty acids (FA) during feeding/fasting transition or during exercise. Exercise has a beneficial effect on AT metabolism, but conventional trainings are not always suitable for patients with functional limitations. Dynamic eccentric (ECC) exercise prevents the accumulation of AT and may then overcome those limitations.

Incorporation of biomarkers into a prediction model for paediatric radiographic pneumonia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers to predict radiographic pneumonia among children with suspected lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).

Methods: We performed a single-centre prospective cohort study of children 3 months to 18 years evaluated in the emergency department with signs and symptoms of LRTI. We evaluated the incorporation of four biomarkers (white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin), in isolation and in combination, with a previously developed clinical model (which included focal decreased breath sounds, age and fever duration) for an outcome of radiographic pneumonia using multivariable logistic regression.

Casein structures differently affect postprandial amino acid delivery through their intra-gastric clotting properties.

We aimed to assess if casein structure affects its digestion and its subsequent amino acid delivery kinetic. Higher nitrogen levels were recovered in dialysates after in vitro digestions of sodium caseinate (SC, formed of small aggregates) compared to micellar casein (MC, native form of casein) and calcium caseinate (CC, intermediate structure). Likewise, plasma indispensable amino-acid concentration peak was higher after SC compared to MC or CC ingestion in healthy volunteers in a randomized, double blind, cross-over study.

Developing Consensus on Clinical Outcomes for Children with Mild Pneumonia: A Delphi Study.

Background: The absence of consensus for outcomes in pediatric antibiotic trials is a major barrier to research harmonization and clinical translation. We sought to develop expert consensus on study outcomes for clinical trials of children with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: Applying the Delphi method, a multispecialty expert panel ranked the importance of various components of clinical response and treatment failure outcomes in children with mild CAP for use in research.

Antibiotic use and outcomes among children hospitalized with suspected pneumonia.

Background: Although viral etiologies predominate, antibiotics are frequently prescribed for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Objective: We evaluated the association between antibiotic use and outcomes among children hospitalized with suspected CAP.

Designs, Settings And Participants: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of children hospitalized with suspected CAP.

Feasibility and reliability of telemedicine examinations for respiratory distress in children: A pilot study.

Respiratory disorders are a leading cause of acute care visits by children. Data establishing the reliability of telemedicine in evaluating children with respiratory concerns are limited. The overall objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the use of telemedicine to evaluate children with respiratory concerns.

Serious Bacterial Infections in Young Febrile Infants With Positive Urinalysis Results.

Unlabelled: It is unknown whether febrile infants 29 to 60 days old with positive urinalysis results require routine lumbar punctures for evaluation of bacterial meningitis.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis in febrile infants ≤60 days of age with positive urinalysis (UA) results.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of noncritical febrile infants ≤60 days between 2011 and 2019 conducted in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network emergency departments.

Effects of exercise-induced metabolic and mechanical loading on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in male rats.

Over the past decades, a growing interest in eccentric (ECC) exercise has emerged, but mitochondrial adaptations to ECC training remain poorly documented. Using an approach for manipulating mechanical and metabolic exercise power, we positioned that for the same metabolic power, training using concentric (CON) or ECC contractions would induce similar skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations. Sixty adult rats were randomly assigned to a control (CTRL) or three treadmill training groups running at 15 m·min for 45 min, 5 days weekly for 8 wk at targeted upward or downward slopes.

Predictors of Acute Care Reutilization in Pediatric Patients With Amoxicillin-Associated Reactions.

Background: Amoxicillin-associated reactions (AARs) contribute to substantial health care utilization, with a reutilization rate of 10% in pediatric emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) settings.

Objective: To identify predictors of ED/UC reutilization by examining patients' clinical features and providers' management of AARs.

Methods: Through a retrospective chart review of 668 patients presenting with AARs over 2 years to the pediatric ED/UC, we examined clinical features associated with ED/UC reutilization, including rash phenotype, systemic symptoms (fever, angioedema, joint involvement, gastrointestinal symptoms), and providers' management (pharmacologic treatment and counseling).

Distinct Characteristics and Chronology of Amoxicillin-Associated Reactions in Pediatric Acute Care Settings.

Background: Amoxicillin-associated reactions (AARs) in children presenting as rashes are common, and recent data suggest that >90% tolerate amoxicillin on re-exposure. However, additional data would help pediatricians and allergists gain confidence in referring and testing children who experienced systemic symptoms perceived as "worrisome," thus leading to urgent medical evaluations. By characterizing the entire spectrum of AAR symptoms in pediatric patients presenting to emergency department (ED)/urgent care (UC) settings, we sought to increase our diagnostic acumen to guide subsequent allergy evaluations.

Factors Associated With Antibiotic Use for Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia.

Background: Antibiotics are frequently used for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), although viral etiologies predominate. We sought to determine factors associated with antibiotic use among children hospitalized with suspected CAP.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of children who presented to the emergency department (ED) and were hospitalized for suspected CAP.